The region of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais stands out in the production of vegetables. To achieve the success in this activity, it is important to choose suitable cultivars and apply irrigation correctly. This study aimed to determine the optimum irrigation depth and evaluate new commercial arugula cultivars in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. The cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse during three cycles with periods of 33 (January 11, 2016 to February 12, 2016), 36 (March 1, 2016 to April 5, 2016), and 36 (April 12, 2016 to May 17, 2016) days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications, five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration-ETc) in the plots, and three arugula cultivars (Antonella, Cultivada, and Folha Larga) in the subplots. A drip irrigation system was used. The parameters evaluated were root depth, root fresh mass, plant water potential, leaf temperature, number of commercial leaves, total number of plants, fresh shoot mass, and water use efficiency. Arugula cultivars did not present differences in their agronomic characteristics. An irrigation depth of the 50% ETc is recommended if the soil moisture is under the field capacity at the beginning of the arugula cycle.
ABSTRACT:The reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) is an important component for determining the water requirements of the crops. In order to estimate this variable accurately, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) proposed the Penman-Monteith equation, however, this demands a large number of meteorological data, which restricts its use. In this context, this study compares the performance of the Penman-Monteith equation using only measured air temperature (PMT) and the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) equation with the performance of the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) technique for the daily ET o estimation with only air temperature data. For the study, daily meteorological data from 2002 to 2016 were used. The data were collected from weather stations located in Florianópolis-SC, Manaus-AM and Petrolina-PE, being these selected in order to capture different climatic conditions. MARS models were developed for each weather station and the PMT e HS equations were locally calibrated. The performances of the original and calibrated equations and MARS models were evaluated based on the statistical indices root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean bias error and coefficient of determination. The ET o estimated by the Penman-Monteith method with full data was used as reference for the development of the MARS models, calibration of the equations and for the performance evaluation of the models under study. The calibration of the HS and PMT equations promoted better performances in relation to the original equations, improving the methods accuracy. The MARS technique presented good performance, outperforming the original and calibrated PMT and HS equations, with lower error values and higher coefficient of determination, and can be considered as an alternative to empirical methods.
The objective of the research was to evaluate the uniformity of drip irrigation with photovoltaic pumping with and without storage in batteries. using normal and self-compensating emitters. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa. Minas Gerais. Brazil. Two drip irrigation systems were tested. one with self-compensating emitters and the other with normal emitters with a flow rate of 4 L h-1. The coefficients of uniformity of Cristiansen and distribution (CUC and CUD) were used to evaluate the performance of the irrigation systems. The volumes pumped by the autonomous system and stored in batteries throughout the year in all regions of the country were compared for the period from 02/01/2018 to 01/31/2019. a period that contemplates the data collection phase of the experiment. According to the results. the uniformity of the drip systems with and without energy storage. with emitters normal and self-compensating presented a coefficient between 93% and 97%. classified as excellent. The largest volumes pumped throughout the year for drip irrigation systems with normal and self-compensating emitters without batteries occurred in the Northeast region of Brazil.
A cana-de-açúcar é um dos principais produtos agrícolas do Brasil, gerando alimento e energia sustentável para o mundo. No estado de Goiás, o déficit hídrico é um dos fatores limitantes do acúmulo de biomassa, devido à baixa umidade do solo durante praticamente todo o outono e o inverno. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos de lâminas de irrigação de salvamento no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-soca de sequeiro, durante os primeiros 30 dias. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Isaura, pertencente à Usina São Martinho - Unidade Boa Vista, no município de Quirinópolis, GO. A colheita foi finalizada em 18 de setembro de 2019 e a irrigação ocorreu com Lead Time (dias após colheita) de 7 dias, no dia 25 de setembro de 2019. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados arranjado em faixas. Foram utilizadas cinco lâminas de irrigação (20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm e 60 mm), uma testemunha (sem irrigação) e seis repetições. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biofísicos: número de perfilhos por metro linear, altura das plantas e massa fresca dos perfilhos. O número de perfilhos por metro linear, altura das plantas e massa fresca dos perfilhos responderam ao aumento das lâminas de irrigação, em todos os períodos avaliados após o plantio, sendo o modelo de regressão linear o de melhor ajuste. Desde que não supere a capacidade de armazenamento de água no solo, o aumento da lâmina de água proporciona aumento do perfilhamento, altura média das plantas e massa fresca dos perfilhos da cana-soca. A lâmina de irrigação de salvamento de 60 mm foi a quantidade ótima para potencializar o perfilhamento da cana-soca.
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