Resumo Apocynaceae compõe um grupo de plantas latescentes e está representada por aproximadamente 5.000 espécies em 400 gêneros, com distribuição pantropical. Para o Brasil, estima-se cerca de 77 gêneros e 754 espécies, sendo a Mata Atlântica o domínio de maior diversidade. Para a Mata Atlântica ao norte do Rio São Francisco os trabalhos com foco na família são escassos, limitando-se a listagens florísticas gerais. Desse modo, objetiva-se aqui inventariar e caracterizar morfologicamente as espécies de Apocynaceae nos fragmentos florestais da Usina São José, situada na cidade de Igarassu, Pernambuco. O estudo foi realizado mediante coletas nos fragmentos florestais da área de estudo entre 2015 e 2016, além de consulta a materiais depositados em herbários de referência na região. Foram registradas 17 espécies inseridas em 11 gêneros: Aspidosperma discolor, A. spruceanum, Blepharodon pictum, Ditassa hispida, Hancornia speciosa, Himatanthus bracteatus, Mandevilla hirsuta, M. moricandiana, M. scabra, Matelea ganglinosa, M. orthosioides, Odontadenia lutea, Rauvolfia grandiflora, R. ligustrina, Tabernaemontana flavicans, T. salzmannii e Temnadenia odorifera. São apresentadas chave de identificação, comentários relevantes acerca das espécies e ilustrações.
This work validates two Waltheria species endemic to campo rupestre with complete descriptions, illustrations, updated geographical distributions and comments on taxonomic affinities. Waltheria biribiriensis and Waltheria terminans are restricted to the Southern Espinhaço Province in eastern South America, occurring on mountain tops where campo rupestre vegetation prevails. Furthermore, Waltheria brachypetala, a species of dry deciduous forests in Brazil that was long considered as conspecific with W. ferruginea due to its shrubby lifeform and similar indumentum, is re-established based on differences of phyllotaxy, blade shape and inflorescence type. The first occurrence records of W. brachypetala in the state of Paraíba are also provided, as well as the first record in the Atlantic Forest domain. Lastly, a lectotype is designated for W. ferruginea.
This study aimed to assess the possible topical antinociceptive activity of Vanillosmopsis arborea Baker essential oil (EOVA) and to clarify the underlying mechanism, using the acute model of chemical (eye wiping) nociception in mice. EOVA (25 to 200 mg/kg; p.o. and topical) evidenced significant antinociception against chemogenic pain in the test model of formalin-induced neuroinflammatory pain. Local application of 5 M NaCl solution on the corneal surface of the eye produced a significant nociceptive behavior, characterized by eye wiping. The number of eye wipes was counted during the first 30 s. EOVA (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; p.o. and topical) significantly decreased the number of eye wipes. Naloxone, yohimbine, L-NAME, theophylline, glibenclamide, and ruthenium red had no effect on the antinociceptive effect of EOVA. However, ondansetron, p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA), capsazepine, prazosin, and atropine prevented the antinociception induced by EOVA. These results indicate the topical antinociceptive effect of EOVA and showed that 5-HT, α1, TRPV1, and central muscarinic receptors might be involved in the antinociceptive effect of EOVA in the acute corneal model of pain in mice.
Abstract—A new distylous Waltheria species from Bahia, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Waltheria saundersiae is endemic to the campos rupestres from Bahia and is a shrub with erect to flexuous branches. It can be confused morphologically with
Waltheria cinerescens, W. maritima, and W. selloana, however, it is distinguished mainly by the bark ornamentation, leaf arrangement, leaf blade margin, inflorescence position, stylar polymorphism type, calyx size, and staminal tube indument.
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