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Aplicação do mapeamento do fluxo de valor para identificação e redução de desperdícios na linha de montagem de circuitos eletrônicos Application of value flow mapping to identify and reduce waste on the electronic circuit assembly line

A farmacoeconomia auxilia na determinação e acompanhamento de condutas que promovam os melhores resultados com os recursos investidos na assistência à saúde. As ações voltadas a esse contexto podem auxiliar na maximização de eficiência tanto assistencial quanto financeira.  Sendo assim, o presente estudo pretende identificar a partir de um indicador composto o impacto financeiro produzido através das intervenções farmacêuticas e aplicação de protocolos clínicos e indicadores em um hospital privado do interior de Pernambuco. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de abordagem  quantitativa, com análise de dados próprios no período de janeiro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021 com foco nos resultados associados ao indicador de farmacoeconomia da instituição, relacionados ao uso racional de anestésicos, antimicrobianos, protetores gástricos, assim como do uso de medicamentos não padronizados na unidade e da conformidade das condutas terapêuticas, de modo geral. Esperando-se assim, demonstrar que as intervenções farmacêuticas e a instituição de protocolos e indicadores direcionados, podem, em conjunto, auxiliar na promoção da segurança e qualidade na assistência ao passo que promovem impacto financeiro positivo dentro das unidades de saúde.

ResumoO esgoto doméstico ainda é uma das principais causas de poluição dos recursos hídricos no Brasil. Daí a importância do conhecimento dessa realidade, bem como de estudos e aprimoramento de tecnologias para o tratamento e retorno de água limpa ao meio natural. Visando integrar os alunos dessa dinâmica desenvolvida na universidade, o Projeto trabalhou com atividades de sensibilidade, teoria e prática relacionadas ao tema central, destacando termos como meio ambiente, água e esgotamento sanitário, incluindo as principais tecnologias de tratamento.

Rapid heart rate (HR) variations at respiratory frequency range are well accepted as a marker of cardiac vagal modulation. Nevertheless, a new pattern of ultra‐rapid HR variation has been recently studied and named as heart rate fragmentation (HRF). HRF is a type of sinoatrial instability characterized by the presence of numerous inflections points (from one bit to another) in RR interval time series. HRF has been shown to be increased in aging and coronary diseases and seems to be linked to the risk life‐threatening cardiovascular events and death. This study aimed to evaluate the HRF in a rat model of spontaneous hypertension. Unanesthetized freely moving spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats at 2 distinct ages, 4 to 6 weeks (young) or 12 to 15 weeks (adult), had their electrocardiogram recorded for 40 minutes. Series of RR intervals were generated and transformed into a sequence of symbols “‐1”, “0” or “1” when the difference between successive RR values (transitions) was positive, zero, or negative, respectively. Transitions between symbols “‐1” and “1” were labeled as “hard” (H) inflection points while those between “‐1” (or “1”) and “0” were labeled as “soft” (S) inflection points. Next, sequences of 4 consecutive symbols (words ‐ W) were distributed according to the number and type of transition they enclose. The total percentage of inflection points (PIP), the percentage of words with zero (W0), one (W1), two (W2) or three (W3) inflection points, as well as percentage of words enclosing only hard (WH), soft (WS) or mixed (WM), i.e., containing both types of inflection points, were quantified. PIP and W3 were lower in the young and adult SHR when compared to the counterparts WKY. In contrast, young and adult SHR showed a higher percentage of W0, W1 and W2 compared to WKY.Regarding the type of transition, the percentage of WH was lower, while the WS was higher, in young and adult SHR when compared to WKY counterparts. The percentage of WM was higher only in young SHR. In conclusion, although evidences indicate that cardiovascular diseases lead to an increase in HRF, we have shown lower HRF in hypertensive rats, with or without the presence of the hypertensive phenotype. However, the mechanisms giving rise to HRF are still unknown. Future studies must be conducted to evaluate whether the HRF pattern observed in young and adult SHR is maintained in elderly animals and to elucidate the mechanisms behind HRF in SHR and normotensive rats.

Este trabalho apresenta o relato de experiência de um projeto voltado à participação cíclica e contínua em dois grupos diferentes de competições: maratonas de programação (MP) e competições de tecnologia e empreendedorismo (CTE). Além da metodologia do projeto, que abrange diferentes recortes sociais, com destaque para gênero e nível de ensino, são apresentados os resultados com a participação em 5 MPs e 3 CTEs, no triênio de 2020 a 2022. Dentre os principais destaques, encontram-se o aumento da participação e da classificação feminina e indicadores importantes quanto à fixação de meninas nos cursos de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) da instituição.

Home health services are of great concern, as infectious diseases can be transmitted not only to residents but also to home health care workers. Worldwide, there are few studies related to home health waste management. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey on waste management from home health care services was carried out between October and December 2019. In the survey, all 67 stakeholders (health teams and caregivers/patients) involved in home health care services in the municipality of Caruaru (Brazil) were interviewed. The collected data showed that the home health care and waste management practices identified during field visits would be severely impacted by the pandemic. In this context, a SWOT analysis and TOWS matrix were employed in the analysis of home health care practices; in this work, those practices include care provided by health teams and patient caregivers, encompassing the handling of waste resulting from health care. The results show the need to promote strategies to improve home health care services to preserve the health of professionals and patients in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. In this context, care related to the transmission of COVID-19 has been ratified, generating additional actions for the proper management of health waste.