Arvoredo Island, located in Santa Catarina state - south Brazil, and its surrounding area were defined as a Conservation Unit (CU) in the category of Biological Reserve since 1990. This research aimed to analyze the inter-annual and seasonal (winter and summer) variations of ichthyoplankton densities at Arvoredo Biology Marine Reserve (ABMR), and their relationship with environmental variables in 1997/1998 (Campaign 1), 2007/2008 (Campaign 2) and 2008/2009 (Campaign 3). Fish eggs and larvae were sampled using a WP-2 net with 200 µm mesh size. The study area was influenced by three water masses, (i) Coastal Water throughout the whole year, (ii) Subtropical Shelf Water during the winter, and (iii) South Atlantic Central Water mainly in summer. A total of 4,891 eggs were collected and classified as Engraulidae and Sardinella brasiliensis (Clupeidae). The total number of larvae was 467 belonging to 5 orders, 19 families, and 21 species. Taxonomic composition demonstrated a seasonal pattern among periods, with the highest densities of Engraulidae occurring in winter and the families Carangidae, Clupeidae and Gerreidae in summer. The high number of families and abundance of ichthyoplankton observed in ABMR may be important in supplying the adjacent coastal areas impacted by fishing.
This work presents the results of a survey of the occurrences of jellyfish bycatch in trawling, bottom gill-net, purse seine, and poleand-line fishing gear in the main fishing port of southern Brazil Survey results are based on interviews conducted with fishers at the time of landing the catch. Historical data were also obtained on the peak occurrences of jellyfish in the last 20 years through interviews with fishers that had worked for up to 50 years in the area. Jellyfish were found to occur with the different fishing gear and to have preferential demersal behavior. The highest frequencies of occurrences were observed on the continental shelf and accompanied the trips of the fishing fleet at different times of the year. Hydrozoan jellyfish, presumably Rhacostoma atlanticum and Olindias sambaquiensis, were the most frequent and abundant species recorded during the period, but the historical data suggest peaks of occurrence every 10 years when dominant groups are replaced with others. The hypotheses of the change of diversity in the 10-year period from 1993 to 2013 can be attributed to natural processes associated with ecological strategies used by gelatinous organisms or the occupation of niches that become available with the withdrawal of planktivorous fish species in the context of overfishing.
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