BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether body composition, dietary pattern and habitual physical activity are associated with BMD according to time since menopause in women from Southern Brazil with no clinical evidence of disease.Methods99 participants were enrolled and anthropometry, body composition and BMD by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, rest metabolic rate by indirect calorimetry, dietary pattern by semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire and habitual physical activity by pedometer were performed.ResultsMean age was 55.2 ± 4.9 years and mean time since menopause was 6.8 ± 1.0 years. Weight, BMI, lean and fat mass and RMR were higher in women with less than 5 years since menopause with normal versus low bone mass. No differences were found in the studied variables between participants with normal or low bone mass and more than 5 years of menopause. Women with > 5 years since menopause had higher prevalence of osteoporosis, as well as lower BMD in all sites when compared to those with less time since menopause. Calories, carbohydrate, protein, fat and micronutrients intake were similar between groups. When the sample was adjusted for time since menopause, the odds ratio (OR) for low bone mass was 5.21 (95 % CI 1.57–17.25, P = 0.004) for BMI <25 kg/m2, for lean mass <37.5 Kg an OR of 4.4 (95 % CI 1.64–11.80, P = 0.004, for fat mass <26.0 Kg an OR of 3.39 (95 % CI 1.29–8.85, P = 0.010) and for the intake of vitamin A < 700 mcg/day an OR of 3.00 (95 % CI 1.13–7.94, P = 0.012). Low meat and eggs intake or low protein intake did not influence the odds ratio for low bone mass.ConclusionIn this cross-sectional study with postmenopausal women with no clinical evidence of disease, time since menopause, low lean and fat mass were associated with low bone mass. Calories and macronutrients intake as well as habitual physical activity did not interfere with BMD, but participants were mostly sedentary. Further studies are needed in order to determine whether the adequate intake of specific food groups and the type of physical activity could attenuate the time since menopause impact on BMD.

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In our healthy postmenopausal women, SMI was positively associated with protein intake and negatively associated with %body fat.

Triazinas foram analisadas no sistema tropical estuarino lagunar de Mundaú-Manguaba (MMELS), Estado de Alagoas, NE-Brasil, impactado pela monocultura de cana-de açúcar na sua bacia de drenagem. Amostras de água e sedimento foram coletadas em agosto/2006 (estação chuvosa) e fevereiro/2008 (estação seca da colheita) para determinação das triazinas: atrazina, simazina, desetilatrazina, desisopropilatrazina e desetil-desisopropilatrazina na fase dissolvida, no material particulado em suspensão e no sedimento de superfície. Amostras de água foram filtradas e após procedimento analítico, os extratos obtidos foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). O método de análise para as triazinas em material particulado foi avaliado, obtendo recuperações entre 72-123 %, desvios padrão relativo de 4,2-22 % e limites de detecção de 0,2-0,3 ng L -1 . Sedimentos fortificados a 10, 20 e 50 ng g -1 foram extraídos em sistema de extração acelerada por solvente (ASE) e as recuperações foram de 68-133%, desvio padrão relativo de 2-34 % e o limite de detecção de 0,6-1,2 ng g -1 . Somente a atrazina foi detectada e em amostras de material particulado em suspensão durante a estação chuvosa em quatro pontos. As concentrações determinadas foram 3,1, 2,7, 1,6 e 0,7 ng L -1 . Estes resultados sugerem que as triazinas são amplamente retidas e transformadas e/ou estejam sendo diluídas nas águas e degradadas devido ao metabolismo intenso no MMELS.This study addresses triazines in the tropical and eutrophic Mundaú-Manguaba estuarine-lagoon system (MMELS) located in the State of Alagoas, NE-Brazil, affected by sugar-cane monoculture in its lower drainage basin. Water and sediment samples from MMELS were collected during the wet post-harvest season (August/2006) and the dry harvest season (February/2008). Trace analysis of the triazines atrazine, simazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine and deethyldeisopropylatrazine were performed in surface sediments, suspended particulate matter and in the dissolved fraction in water. Water samples were filtered and after the analytical procedures, the resulting extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, the analytical method for suspended particulate matter was evaluated, the recovery being between 72-123 % with relative standard deviations of 4.2-22 % and limits of detection around 0.2-0.3 ng L -1 . Sediments fortified at 10, 20 and 50 ng g -1 were extracted with the ASE system and recovery experiments lied between 68-133 % with relative standard deviations of 2-34 %. The limits of detection were of 0.6-1.2 ng g -1 . Atrazine was the sole triazine detected and only in suspended particulate matter during the wet season at four sites, with low concentrations of 3.1, 2.7, 1.6 and 0.7 ng L -1 . This suggests that triazines are either largely retained and transformed within the sugar-cane fields and/or are readily diluted in the waters and degraded due to the intense metabolism of MMELS.Keywords: triazines, gas chromatography-mass ...

No abstract

Both physical activity and dietary choices may have contributed toward a more favorable cardiovascular profile and lower risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To investigate whether increasing protein consumption to twice the recommended daily allowance (RDA) by The Institute of Medicine affects lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, and physical performance in late postmenopausal women. Methods: Parallel-group randomized trial with 26 apparently healthy women aged ≥ 65 years. Participants were randomly assigned to low-glycemic index diets with protein consumption at current RDA (0.8 g/kg body weight) or twice the RDA (2RDA, 1.6 g/kg body weight). Protein intake was assessed by 24-hours urinary nitrogen excretion. Change in LBM was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength by dynamometry, and physical performance by gait speed. Results: Mean age was 70.8 ± 3.6 years, and mean BMI was 26.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2 in the overall sample. The RDA and 2RDA groups did not differ regarding baseline dietary intake. Changes from baseline in LBM (0.07 kg; 95% CI, −0.39; 0.52 kg; P = 0.100) and appendicular lean mass (0.07 kg; 95% CI, −0.34; 0.47 kg; P = 0.100) did not differ between the groups. Total body fat (−1.41 kg; 95% CI, −2.62; 0.20 kg; P = 0.019) and trunk fat mass (−0.90 kg; 95% CI, −1.55; −0.24 kg; P = 0.005) decreased similarly in both groups at the end of intervention. Adjusting for baseline BMI did not alter these findings. Handgrip strength and 4-m gait speed increased after the intervention, with no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: Protein intake exceeding the RDA did not increase LBM, strength, and physical performance in a sample of late postmenopausal woman consuming a low-glycemic index diet for 6 months.

Introduction Obesity surgeries improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) in most cases, with effects frequently evident before substantial weight reduction. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that the increase in indolepropionic acid (IPA), a gut-derived tryptophan metabolite considered to be a potential biomarker for the development of T2D, might contribute to the metabolic benefits occurring after obesity surgery. Since sex impacts the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2D, our objective was to investigate sex-specific effects on the changes in IPA in response to obesity surgery. Methods One-hundred and twenty-one obese individuals (36 males and 85 females; age 48.4 ± 9.4 years; BMI 42.9 ± 5.3kg/m2) participants from the ongoing Kuopio OBesity Surgery (KOBS) Study, who were accepted for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were included. Serum samples drawn after 12h fasting were available from both baseline and 1-year follow-up visits for measuring IPA by LC-QQQ-MS. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined as a fasting glucose level ≥5.6nmol/L. Results Male and female participants had similar ages, BMI and IPA [93.2 (44.3–137.8) vs 67.0 (44.6–113.8) ng/dL, P=0.444, males and females respectively) at baseline. Weight loss after 1 year of RYGB was lower in males in comparison with females (19.8 vs 23.5%, P=0.014). A significant interaction between time and sex on IPA changes was found during the first year of RYGB (P=0.028). We observed an increase in IPA in females but not in males, especially in the youngest female group (median age &lt;48.7 years). Fasting insulin interacted significantly with sex on the changes in IPA (P&lt;0.001), but not fasting glucose (P=0.962). In addition, females had lower prevalence of IFG at 1-year (25 vs 57%, P=0.042, female and male participants respectively), which was associated with changes in IPA independently of weight loss. Conclusion Our results suggest that changes in IPA concentrations may be associated with beneficial changes in glucose metabolism observed after obesity surgery in females. A comprehensive understanding of the sex-specific effects of the IPA could contribute to future non-surgical treatments for T2D. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m., Monday, June 13, 2022 1:12 p.m. - 1:17 p.m.