BACKGROUND:Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery may cause severe maternal hypotension and a decrease in cardiac output. Compared to assessment of cardiac output via a pulmonary artery catheter, the FloTrac/Vigileo™ system may offer a less invasive technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac output and other hemodynamic measurements made using the FloTrac/Vigileo™ system in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section.METHODS:A prospective study enrolling 10 healthy pregnant women was performed. Hemodynamic parameters were continuously obtained at 15 main points: admission to surgery (two baseline measurements), after preload, after spinal anesthesia administration and 4 time points thereafter (4, 6, 8 and 10 min after anesthesia), at skin and uterine incision, newborn and placental delivery, oxytocin administration, end of surgery, and recovery from anesthesia. Hemodynamic therapy was guided by mean arterial pressure, and vasopressors were used as appropriate to maintain baseline values. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for data analysis.RESULTS:There was a significant increase in heart rate and a decrease of stroke volume and stroke volume index up to 10 min after spinal anesthesia (P < 0.01). Importantly, stroke volume variation increased immediately after newborn delivery (P < 0.001) and returned to basal values at the end of surgery. Further hemodynamic parameters showed no significant changes over time.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS:No significant hemodynamic effects, except for heart rate and stroke volume changes, were observed in pregnant women managed with preload and vasopressors when undergoing elective cesarean section and spinal anesthesia.
OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to compare the prevalence of shoulder-arm morbidity, patient satisfaction with surgery and the quality of life of women submitted to breast-conserving therapy or modified radical mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction.METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional study of women who underwent breast-conserving therapy (n = 44) or modified radical mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction (n = 26). Quality of life was evaluated with the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire.RESULTS:No differences were found in the prevalence of lymphedema. The movements that were most commonly affected by these procedures were abduction, flexion and external rotation. When the two groups were compared, however, we only found a statistically significant difference for the prevalence of restricted internal rotation, which occurred in 32% of women in the breast-conserving therapy group and 12% of those in the modified radical mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction group (OR: 7.23; p = 0.03 following adjustment for potential confounding factors). No difference in quality of life or satisfaction with surgery was found between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that the type of surgery did not affect the occurrence of lymphedema. Breast-conserving therapy, however, increased the risk of shoulder movement limitation. No differences were found between the two surgical techniques with respect to quality of life or satisfaction with surgery.
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS:Adição de clonidina subaracnóidea (α-agonista) prolonga a ação analgésica da combinação sufentanil e bupivacaína isobárica em analgesia combinada para o trabalho de parto 1 . O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade de analgesia e a prevalência de efeitos colaterais após a adição de clonidina subaracnóidea à solução anestésica em gestantes durante trabalho de parto. MÉTODO:Após aprovação da Comissão de Ética, 22 gestantes em trabalho de parto receberam aleatoriamente no espaço subaracnóideo 2,5 mg de bupivacaína hiperbárica 0,5% (grupo CLON/HIPER; n = 11) ou 2,5 mg de bupivacaína isobárica 0,5% (grupo CLON/ISO; n = 11) em associação ao sufentanil 2,5 µg e à clonidina 30 µg. A dor avaliada pela Escala Analógica Visual, a freqüência cardíaca e a pressão arterial média foram estudadas a cada 5 minutos nos primeiros 15 minutos e, a seguir, a cada 15 minutos até o nascimento. Foi avaliada a prevalência de efeitos colaterais (náusea, vômito, prurido e sedação). O estudo foi encerrado no momento em que foi necessária complementação analgésica peridural (dor > 3 cm) ou ao nascimento. A aná-lise estatística foi realizada pelos testes t de Student, Qui-quadrado, Fisher e ANOVA de duas vias para medidas repetidas, considerando como significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS:Os grupos CLON/HIPER e CLON/ISO foram semelhantes com relação a dados antropométricos, duração da analgesia (70,9 ± 32,9 vs. 85,4 ± 39,5), freqüência cardíaca, ocorrência de prurido, sedação, náusea e vômitos. No grupo CLON/ISO houve diminuição significativa da pressão arterial média com relação ao grupo CLON/HIPER nos momentos 15, 30 e 45 minutos (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES:Nas condições estudadas, a adição de clonidina em baixa dose (30 µg), associada ao sufentanil, determinou maior ocorrên-cia de hipotensão quando administrada com soluções isobáricas de anestésico local. Com relação aos demais efeitos colaterais, as soluções hiperbáricas e isobáricas comportam-se de maneira semelhante. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The addition of subarachnoid clonidine (α-agonist) prolongs the analgesia produced by the combination of sufentanil and isobaric bupivacaine in combined labor analgesia 1 . The objective of this study was to compare the quality of analgesia and the prevalence of side effects after the addition of subarachnoid clonidine to the anesthetic solution in labor analgesia. METHODS:After approval by the Ethics Commission, 22 pregnant women in labor were randomly assigned to the subarachnoid administration of either 2.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (CLON/ HYPER Group; n = 11) or 2.5 mg of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine (CLON/ ISO Group; n = 11) associated with 2.5 µg of sufentanil and 30 µg of clonidine. Pain, evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were assessed every 5 minutes during the first 15 minutes, and then every 15 minutes afterwards until delivery. The prevalence of side effects (nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and sedation) was evaluated. The study was terminated whenever the patient ...
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