The Eucalyptus grandis seedlings, presented quality when grown on organic substrates. Organic compound mixed with carbonized and hydrolyzed rice husk and crushed peach kernel. Carbonated rice husk (30%), hydrolyzed rice husk (20%) and crushed peach kernel (10%). These component can be used to improve the physical characteristics of the substrates.

ResumenEl presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento de plantas de Parapiptadenia rigida, producidas en vivero con diferentes volúmenes de contenedor y dosis de fertilizante de liberación controlada (FLC), y su crecimiento posterior al trasplante en campo. Las plantas fueron producidas utilizando los siguientes factores: tres volúmenes de contenedor 50, 110 y 180 cm 3 y cinco dosis de FLC: 0 (testigo), 3, 6, 9 y 12 g L -1 de sustrato, en diseño completamente aleatorio, con cuatro repeticiones. A los 210 días posterior a la siembra, se verificó la altura (H), diámetro de cuello (DC) y relación H/DC de las plantas. Posterior a esa evaluación, se realizó el trasplante a campo, siguiendo los mismos tratamientos de vivero, pero en bloques al azar. Pasados 30 días de la implantación del experimento en campo se evaluó el porcentaje de supervivencia de las plantas, y a los 300 días se verificó el incremento en altura (IH) y diámetro del cuello (IDC); y la relación IH/IDC. Para la producción de plantas en vivero, el contenedor de 180 cm 3 proporcionó elevado crecimiento, siendo dependiente de la dosis de FLC utilizada, la cual debe estar entre 6 y 9 g L -1 . Los resultados obtenidos en vivero se confirmaron en campo para el contenedor utilizado, con mayor supervivencia e incremento para el tubete de 180 cm 3 . Para la dosis de fertilización, los resultados obtenidos en la producción de plantas se reflejaron solamente en la supervivencia inicial. Palabras-clave: especie forestal nativa, fertilizante de liberación controlada, volumen de contenedor. ResumoSobrevivência e crescimento inicial de Parapiptadenia rigida a campo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Parapiptadenia rigida, produzidas no viveiro com diferentes volumes de recipientes e doses de fertilizante de liberação controlada (FLC), e seu crescimento após plantio no campo. As mudas foram produzidas utilizando os seguintes fatores: três volumes de recipientes 50, 110 e 180 cm³ e cinco doses de FLC: 0 (testemunha), 3, 6, 9, e 12 g L -1 de substrato, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Aos 210 dias após a semeadura, verificou-se a altura (H), diâmetro do coleto (DC) e relação H/DC das mudas. Posterior a essa avaliação, ocorreu o plantio dessas mudas a campo, seguindo os mesmos tratamentos de viveiro, em blocos ao acaso. Após 30 dias da implantação do experimento no campo avaliou-se a percentagem de sobrevivência das mudas, e aos 300 dias verificou-se o incremento em altura (IH) e diâmetro do coleto (IDC); e a relação IH/IDC. Para a produção das mudas em viveiro, o recipiente de 180 cm³ proporcionou elevado crescimento, sendo dependente da dose de FLC utilizada, a qual deve estar entre 6 e 9 g L -1 . Os resultados obtidos em viveiro se confirmaram a campo para o recipiente testado, com maiores sobrevivência e incremento para o tubete de 180 cm³. Por outro lado, para a dose de adubação, os resultados obtidos na produção de mudas se refletiram apenas na sobrevivência inicial. Palavras-chav...

This aim of this work was to evaluate the initial growth of Cordia trichotoma seedlings, submitted to different sizes of recipients and doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). This experiment was performed in a greenhouse, and evaluation was done in factorial scheme using two volumes of recipients (110 and 180 cm 3 ) combined with five doses of CRF (0 (controlled); 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5 g L -1 de substrate). The experimental design was completely random with four repetitions each evaluated in factorial scheme. Significant interaction was observed between the size of the recipient and the doses of CRF for most analyzed variables. It indicated that, the quantity of fertilizer to be used depends on the size of the recipient, emphasizing that in the conditions in which the seedlings were produced; the minor volume of substrate does not cause restrictions on growth. It is perceived that most evaluated parameters need higher doses than the maximum provided, in at least one of the recipients, demonstrating elevated nutritional requirement of the species during the nursery phase. The recipient of 110 cm³, combined with the dose of 7.5 g L -1 of CRF is recommended because of the economy of substrate, nursery space and practicality of transportation.

Studies on the early development of forest species usually only analyze their nursery growth, not taking the post planting into account. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the survival and growth under nursery and field conditions of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings produced with different container volumes and controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) doses. The treatments were composed of two containers volumes (110 and 180 cm 3) with five CRF doses (0; 3; 5; 7; and 9 g L-1). At the nursery, at 150 days after sowing, the following attributes were evaluated: height (H); stem diameter (SD); shoot (SDM), root (RDM) and total dry matter (TDM); and Dickson quality index (DQI). At 360 days after the field planting, the survival, H and SD were measured. It was found interaction between factors for SD and significant effects of container volume for SDM, RDM, TDM and DQI. The maximum technical efficiency dose (MTED) of CRF in the nursery ranged from 6.50 to 9.74 g L-1. This allowed recommending the CRF dose for the fast seedling outplanting. The negative effects from base fertilization absence were identified on the seedlings field survival, yet there was no influence of the tested treatments on their growth 360 days after planting. For producing Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings, it is recommended using 110 cm 3 containers with a CRF dose of 3 g L-1 , which provides suitable performance on the outplanting and after it. However, doses above 7 g L-1 can reduce the seedlings nursery time in about six months after sowing.

Myrocarpus frondosus is a native species with high commercial timber value. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Myrocarpus frondosus in the nursery and to indicate the most adequate substrate and fertilization for the production of seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a factorial scheme, composed of four combinations of substrates: S1-100% commercial substrate (CS); S2 - 80% CS and 20% carbonated rice husk (CRH); S3 - 60% CS and 40% CRH; S4 - 40% CS and 60% CRH, and four fertilizations: NF – No fertilization; CRF – controlled release fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride); RRF – ready release fertilizer and micronutrients. Physical and chemical analyses were performed on the substrate. At 300 days after emergence, the following morphological variables were evaluated: (height, stem diameter, H/SD ratio, leaf area, root length, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson quality index) and the physiological variables chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm ratio and electron transport rate). Regardless of the substrate and fertilization, slow growth of the species was observed, even for the best treatment, which was verified from the height (17.87 cm) and stem diameter (2.62 mm). The use of the commercial substrate (40%) with carbonated rice husk (60%) associated with the concentration of 6 g L-1 of controlled release fertilizer is recommended, since they present the best results for the morphological and physiological variables in the nursery in general.

A B S T R A C TThe increasing demand for Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill (yerba mate) by-products generated the need for producing a greater quantity of seedlings and improve their quality. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different substrates combined with base fertilization for Ilex paraguariensis seedlings, through morphophysiological parameters. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement, and the treatments consisted of five substrate formulations combined with two fertilizers, and a control without fertilization, in November 2013. The I. paraguariensis seedlings produced in the substrate consisted of subsurface soil, cattle manure and charred rice hulls (2:2:1) presented the greatest heights (53.36 cm), stem diameter (6.80 mm), leaf area (692.52 cm 2 ), root dry weight (6.2 g) and total dry weight (16.4 g). The efficiency of the different fertilizations used was similar regarding the seedling growth. The physiological parameters did not differ between treatments. The substrate composed of subsurface soil, manure and charred rice hulls (2:2:1) and fertilization with urea (0.7 g L -1 ) single superphosphate (8.0 g L -1 ) and potassium chloride (0.4 g L -1 ) is recommended for producing I. paraguariensis seedlings. Parâmetros morfofisiológicos como resposta ao substrato e adubação em mudas de Ilex paraguariensis R E S U M OA demanda crescente pela utilização de subprodutos de Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill (erva-mate) gerou a necessidade de se produzir mudas em maior quantidade e melhor qualidade. Assim, este estudo objetivou identificar a eficiência de substratos alternativos em combinação com adubação de base em mudas de Ilex paraguariensis, por meio da avaliação de parâmetros morfofisiológicos. Como tratamentos utilizou-se um fatorial 5 x 3 com cinco formulações de substrato combinadas a dois tipos de adubação, mais uma testemunha sem adubação, em novembro de 2013. O substrato composto por terra de subsolo, esterco bovino e casca de arroz carbonizada (2:2:1) apresentou as maiores médias para altura (53,36 cm), diâmetro do coleto (6,80 mm), área foliar (692,52 cm 2 ), massa seca radicular (6,2 g) e total (16,4 g). As adubações utilizadas proporcionaram eficiência semelhante no desenvolvimento das mudas; já os parâmetros fisiológicos não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Sugere-se, então, para a produção de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis, o uso do substrato composto por terra de subsolo, esterco bovino e casca de arroz carbonizada (2:2:1) e adubação com ureia (0,4 g L -1 ), superfosfato simples (8,0 g L -1 ) e cloreto de potássio (0,7 g L -1 ).

No abstract

Light is an important environmental factor in the establishment of vegetation. The knowledge of the behavior of the species in response to light demand for survival and growth in the field becomes essential. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the survival and initial growth of Myrocarpus frondosus seedlings under different levels of shade in the field. The treatments used were: 0 % (full sun); 18 %; 50 % and 70 % shading in a randomized block design. The survival of seedlings was evaluated 30 and 540 days after planting (d.a.p.) and the morphological attributes height (H), stem diameter (DC) and H / DC ratio every 90 days. Leaf area, leaf dry matter, dry matter of stem and branches and dry matter of shoot were obtained 540 d.a.p. The analyses of the physiological attributes fluorescence of chlorophyll a and photosynthetic pigments were performed 180, 360 and 540 d.a.p. The use of shading in the planting of Myrocarpus frondosus influences the survival and the morphological and physiological attributes of the species. The morphological and physiological attributes of Myrocarpus frondosus plants show that the species requires shading of 50 to 70 % in its initial growth phase in the field (540 d.a.p.). It is recommended to use the species in sub-forest enrichment plantations and in consortium with other species more demanding in light.