Context: Although there is an abundance of several microbial phyla in the oceans actinobacteria have emerged as a major source for natural products. Streptomyces sps is the widely encountered actinobacteria. Lately, Streptomyces are increasingly been used for pigment extraction. Aim: The aim herein was to extract bioactive melanin pigment from rare actinobacteria, which is a not a widespread occurrence. Materials and Methods: Marine samples were collected aseptically from the waters of the Arabian Sea, Allepey, Kerala, India. Isolation was performed by serial dilution method upon dry heat treatment and pre-enrichment technique on Actinomycetes Isolation Agar. Selected potent isolates were fermented and the pigments were extracted. Thereafter the pigment was analyzed by various techniques viz., thin layer chromatography, UV-Visible spectrophotometry and Fourier Transfer Infra Red spectroscopy. Further, the pigment was evaluated for its antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing potential. Results: The isolates were designated as JN1 and JN2 and their respective extracts JN1M and JN2M. JN1M was found to be inhibiting biofilm forming clinical isolate Staphylococcus sp. showing an activity of 64.20 ± 3.33% and pigment from JN2M 65.99± 2.81%. The melanin pigment also exhibited considerable activity against various human pathogens. The isolate JN1 was identified as Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain JN1 (accession number: KX263302) and JN2 as Nocardiopsis sp (accession number: KX263303) by conventional and molecular techniques. Conclusion: With reference to previous reports, this is one of the very few reports of marine Nocardiopsis dassonvillei exhibiting melanin production. Thus it has established the production of melanin from rare actinomycetes, N. dassonvillei in specific.
The increasing need for Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for biofertilizer development is warranted owing to the environmental hazards caused by chemical fertilizers. Our investigation was to isolate, screen and characterize PGPR from rhizospheric soil with potential PGPR properties. Oryza sativa and Saccharum officinarum rhizosphere were collected from the agricultural research station, Virinjipuram, Vellore (12.9202N, 79.1333E), Tamil Nadu, India for PGPR isolation. Eleven distinct isolates of bacteria were grown on Jensen’s (seven) and Pikovskaya’s media (four). Among these, four isolates (TPN1 to TPN4) showed phosphate solubilisation activity. And one isolate TPN2 particularly showed both nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization with other PGPR properties. Furthermore, the isolate TPN2 demonstrated promising results in Indole 3-Acetic Acid production (99.29±0.945µg ml-1). Since the isolate TPN2 displayed all PGPR characteristics under study, it was selected for pot culture studies. The seeds treated with TPN2 revealed an increase of 63.6% in shoot length and 14.63% in root length of the okra plant. There was a 74.6% increase in shoot length and a 16% increase in the root length of the tomato plant. Additionally, there was extensive development of lateral roots in okra plant. Henceforth TPN2 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae VITTPN2 (ku951582). This report produced remarkable results which promise the bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae strain VITTPN2 can be further studied as a prospective biofertilizer.
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