This paper describes the metrological characterization of a new large area piston gauge (FRS5, Furness Rosenberg Standard) installed at the vacuum metrology laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The operational procedure and the uncertainty budget for pressures between 30 Pa and 11 kPa are given. Comparisons between the FRS5 and a mercury manometer, a rotary piston gauge and a force-balanced piston gauge are described. We show that the reproducibility of the calibration values of capacitance diaphragm gauges is enhanced by a factor of 6 compared with a static expansion primary standard (SE2). Improvements of the SE2 performance by reducing the number of expansions and smaller uncertainties of expansion ratios are discussed.
-Last decade saw a considerable growth in number of methods to create 3D models for buildings. Some companies have developed their own online maps systems. One of the most well-known of them is Google Maps. The maps are infrequently updated because the process is costly and labor-consuming, and, as a rule, the update is not necessary. The process of 3D model creation for a separate building using such equipment as LIDAR and UltraCamD is very expensive; and land-based aerophotogrammetry has its limitations based on the height of the building and its location that should be suitable to place the camera to get an accurate photos.The article presents results of using 3D reconstruction technique based on 2D pictures of a building taken by a quadcopter . The latter is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) being used to survey buildings of various heights without interfering with public transport. Moreover, the quadcopter can reach any position required to take the necessary angle for a favourable photos.The building under consideration has been surveyed using Autodesk 123D package to reconstruct 3D geometry of it. The results prove that the quality of regenerated pictures taken by quadcopter is comparable to those received using UltraCamD and Pictometry equipment, façade pictures being even of better quality. The modeling results show good image quality and sufficient area of overlap which makes the model more real.
This report describes the bilateral key-comparison CCM.P-K3.1 between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) for absolute pressure in the range of 3 × 10-6 Pa to 9 × 10-4 Pa. This comparison was a follower to the CCM.P-K3 comparison. Two ionization gauges and two spinning rotor gauges (SRGs) were used as the transfer standards for the comparison. The SRGs were used to compare the standards at a pressure of 9 × 10-4 Pa and to normalize the ionization gauge readings. The two ionization gauges were used to compare the standards in the pressure range of 3 × 10-6 Pa to 3 × 10-4 Pa. Both laboratories used dynamic expansion chambers as standards in the comparison. The two labs showed excellent agreement to each other and to the CCM.P-K3 key comparison reference value (KCRV) over the entire range.
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