1. A higher level of amputation is associated with less energy-efficient walking and with lower walking speed. 2. Prosthetic ambulation supported with crutches has significant impact on increasing of energy expenditure and decreasing walking speed. 3. Stump length is shown to have a major impact on PCI and CWS in transfemoral amputees.
Background:The Physiological Cost Index (PCI) was introduced by MacGregor to estimate the energy cost in walking of healthy people, also it has been reported for persons with lower limb amputation, walking with prosthesis.Objective:To assess energy cost and walking speed in two level lower limb amputation: transfemoral and transtibial amputation and to determine if the age and prosthetic walking supported with walking aids have impact on energy cost and walking speed.Methods:A prospective cross sectional study was performed in two level lower limb amputees with no vascular disease who were rehabilitated at the Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. The Physiological Cost Index (PCI) was assessed by five minutes of continuous indoor walking at Comfort Walking Speed (CWS).Results:Eighty three lower limb amputees were recruited. It is shown relevant impact of level of amputation in PCI (t=6.8, p<0.001) and CWS (T=487, p<0.001). The great influence of using crutches during prosthetic walking in PCI (ANOVA F= 39.5 P < 0.001) and CWS (ANOVA F=32.01, P <0.001) has been shown by One Way ANOVA test. The correlation coefficient (R) showed a significant correlation of age with PCI and CWS in both groups of amputation.Conclusions:Walking with transfemoral prosthesis or using walking aids during prosthetic ambulation is matched with higher cost of energy and slower walking speed. Advanced age was shown with high impact on PCI and CWS in both groups of amputees.
How to Cite This Abstract: Vllasolli, T. O. Effect of twelve week training program in blood pressure and heart rate at rest in older hypertensive and normotensive women. [IGD abstract 051]. Int J Growth Dev. 2017;1(suppl):S51 doi: 10.25081/ijgd.2017.v1i1.52
C O N F E R E N C E A B S T R A C TEffect of twelve week training program in blood pressure and heart rate at rest in older hypertensive and normotensive women
AbstractIntroduction: Epidemiological studies suggest that non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise may be beneficial for treatment of hypertension. However the potential benefits of exercises especially resistance training on arterial blood pressure and resting heart rate in older adults without hypertension remain controversial. Objective: To analyze the effect of twelve weeks of training program on systolic blood pressure (SBP) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in older women with and without hypertension. Methods: Seventeen hypertensive women (HW) and 10 normotensive women (NW) were included in training program selected by pre-exercise evaluation of the cardiovascular status and other risks factors (smoking dislipidemia and diabetes). Training program three times per week was consisted from10 minutes of stretching exercises; 45 minutes of aerobic endurance (gait) and 10 min with five minutes of relaxation while two times per week were included dynamic resistance exercises (involving the major muscle groups) The training sessions of resistance exercises were performed in three sets of 8 to 10 repetition of maximum (RM) with rest interval between sets and exercises of 90 seconds. These days aerobic exercises last only 30minutes.Hemodynamic parameters at rest were evaluated by auscultatory method (mercury sphygmomanometer) and HR by Pulsioxymeter monitor (Polar) before and after twelve weeks of experimental period. Results: The HW group (age 66.8 آ ± 5.4 years) and the NW (65.2 آ ± 4.8 years). In HW was found a reduction of SBP ) and DBP (-1.94 p=0.043). Although significant reduction were observed in SBP (-6.7mmHg p<0.05) of NW group there were no significant reduce in DBP after exercises (p=0.0 32). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and resting HR also didn't show important changes. Conclusion: Twelve weeks training program consisted of aerobic exercises and dynamic resistance exercises is shown to be an effective training in reduction of resting SBP in older women with hypertension and also to promote adaptations in the cardiovascular system of normotensive older women without. Keywords: older women blood pressure hypertension normotension heart rate exercise.
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