Background: Aceh province has the greatest risk of death due to smoking-related heart diseases. To reduce this tobacco epidemic in Aceh, the local government has established Smoke-free Areas (SFA/Kawasan Tanpa Rokok/KTR) local regulations (Qanuns). However, the implementation of the established Qanuns remains suboptimal with many violations throughout the province. Methods: This study investigated the challenges and opportunities for improving implementation of KTRs in Banda Aceh municipality using in-depth interviews and document reviews.Results: Various barriers to effective implementation of KTRs were identified: lack of commitment of Banda Aceh authorities in implementing KTR policies; lack of understanding of the KTRs among involved actors; inadequate socialization of KTRs to communities; and misunderstanding of “enclosed areas” as KTRs. However, some important opportunities were identified: the Ministry of Education regulation that promotes KTRs at schools; and smoking prohibition as part of Sharia laws and other religious recommendations. Conclusion: This study has identified barriers and enablers for effective KTR implementation in Banda Aceh. Some key major recommendations are provided to enhance the implementation of KTR policies in Banda Aceh municipality.
Irrigation Network Krueng Tuan North Aceh Regency was built in 1994 with 11,150-meter primary channel that is planned can irrigate paddy fields potential 2,226 ha. The Krueng Tuan irrigation area has enormous potential as a food granary, but the irrigation discharge to irrigate rice fields was reduced due to a decline in the functioning of facilities in the Krueng Tuan irrigation network considering the age of buildings that were already age-consuming. This condition can result in an increase in water losses that affect the efficiency of irrigation in the channel. The method used to analyze the efficiency of irrigation channels using the inflow-outflow method. The data were recorded about cross-section dimensions of the channel and measuring flow velocity using the current meter. The results of the efficiency analysis show that there are four primary channel sections was under the theoretical efficiency values, namely the measurement section BT-02 - BT-03 at 88.729%, where water losses are caused by the influence of the physical conditions of the channel on the wall and the bottom and wild leads from the channel using the pump house. Other sections are BT-06 - BT-07 at 80.378%, BT-07 - BT-08 at 73.975%, and BT-08 - BT-09 at 67.094%. Water losses on all channels are caused by the physical condition of the channel that has been damaged in the channel wall and leakage due to the rat hole so that water seeped out of the channels.
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