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The authors have been studying the effect of cellulosic nano-fiber (CeNF) with the diameter of less than 30 nm and the length of a few micrometers on the conductivity of the conductive polymer composites (PAS/PEs/CeNF) prepared from poly(aniline sulfonic acid) (PAS), a water dispersible polyester (PEs) and CeNF and confirmed that CeNF was effective for the enhancement of their conductivity, and that the conductivity enhancement was attributable to the strong adsorbing ability of CeNF to PAS molecules. Thiner CeNF has so larger surface area that it is expected to adsorb more PAS molecules on its surface, which possibly lead to further conductivity enhancement of the composites.The authors prepared thinner CeNF with the size of 16 nm by the use of ultrasonic dispersing machine. It was clarified that the thinner CeNF had a higher adsorbing ability to PAS molecules and a larger effect on the conductivity enhancement of PAS/PEs/CeNF composites.

: It is known that a large amount of activated sludge was quickly adhered on carbon fibre that was soaked in water containing activated sludge.As carbon fibre has an excellent bio-affinity, it is very interesting to use carbon fibre as carrier water of bio-film for wastewater treatment.Several factors that affect the amount of adhered activated sludge on carbon fibre were considered. The change of amount of activated sludge adhered on carbon fibre soaked in water was observed through the period from just before soaking until several hours after.Adhesion of activated sludge occurred rapidly in the initial stage and got slower, after that. According to a numerical analysis, the amount of adhered activated sludge was calculated by y=A (1-EXP (-t/r)) (here A and rare constant). This was corresponding in the experiment result at the first stage. When an activated sludge was shake off from a carbon fibre, it was found that a tightly adhered layer of activated sludge exist around the carbon fibre.

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It is known that a carbon fiber has a high biocompatibility. The amount of adhered activated sludge was much large when carbon fiber was bathed into an activated sludge. Activity and wet ability on surface of carbon fiber were increased by photo-oxygenation treated at 100,150°C, and 200°C. After the treatment, functional groups including atoms were introduced to surface of carbon fiber. The amount of adhered activated sludge to treated carbon fiber was measured each at 1 minute. The amount of adhered activated sludge was increased with increasing treated temperature. The surface of carbon fiber was analyzed by X-ray photo-electronic spectroscopy (XPS). The ratio of oxygen/carbon atoms on the surface of treated carbon fiber was larger than that of untreated carbon fiber. Functional groups including oxygen introduced into the carbon fiber surface were influenced to the adhesion of activated sludge on carbon fibers and improved in the wet ability.