prominences that correspond to the ACL tibial footprint and three surrounding 1 5 landmarks: anterior ridge, lateral groove, and intertubercular fossa. In the first study, findings and three-dimensional (3D) CT images of these bony landmarks. In the second 2 0 study, the morphology of the bony prominence and incidence of their bony landmarks 2 1 were evaluated from the preoperative CT data of 60 knee joints.

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are ubiquitous, plentiful, and easily/safely obtainable cells derived from adipose tissue, regardless of the age and sex of the donor. However, the hASCs have limited proliferative and differentiation capabilities. In this study, we examined whether induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be generated from hASCs. We transduced hASCs with three human transcription factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4), and found that they formed human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like colonies. Importantly, we did not transduce c-MYC, which is usually utilized to generate iPSCs but is considered an oncogene. These colonies expressed human ESC-specific surface antigens (stage-specific embryonic antigens SSEA-3 and SSEA-4, and tumor-related antigens TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81), endogenous transcription factors (OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2), and undifferentiated human ESC marker genes (REX1, UTF1, GDF3, DPPA2, DPPA4, and DPPA5). Further, the colonies were able to differentiate into the three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. These results show that human iPSCs can be generated by the transduction of three factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4) into hASCs.

Abstract