Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different exercise interventions on quality of life parameters in breast cancer patients during 1 year of outpatient rehabilitation. Material and Methods: A total of 115 breast cancer patients met the eligibility criteria and completed the study. Participants were randomly allocated for the water exercise interventions (group A, n = 45), for the Pilates exercise interventions (group B, n = 40), and yoga exercise interventions (group C, n = 30). The 3 groups attended relevant programs for 1 year and received 144 rehabilitation sessions. Quality of life parameters were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy questionnaire with a specific module for breast cancer patients (FACT-B). Quality of life data were recorded at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of exercise interventions. Results: A significant increase in quality of life indicators was observed in participants of all groups. Based on the results of the 12-month monitoring, patients of group A scored significantly more points for emotional well-being compared with group B and group C by 1.40 points ( P < .05) and 1.69 points ( P < .01), respectively, as well as by breast cancer subscale by 2.15 points ( P < .05) compared with group B. Patients in group C scored significantly better compared with group A in social/family well-being by 2.80 points ( P < .01). Conclusions: It was found that using water exercise intervention is more effective for improving emotional well-being and decreasing negative symptoms associated with breast cancer treatment compared with Pilates and yoga interventions, while yoga was more effective in improving social/family well-being. Further research on water interventions for different populations is warranted.

Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of different exercise interventions on anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients through 1-year outpatient rehabilitation. Methods. overall, 138 breast cancer patients were assessed for eligibility. After excluding 14 women, 124 patients were randomly allocated to water exercise interventions (group A, n = 50), Pilates exercise interventions (group B, n = 44), and yoga exercise interventions (group C, n = 30). Finally, 115 patients completed relevant interventions and were analysed. The participants reported anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and depression Scale at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of the interventions. Results. After 12 months, a decrease in anxiety and depression was observed by 5.64 (p < 0.001) and 4.09 (p < 0.001) points in group A, by 5.75 (p < 0.001) and 4.60 (p < 0.001) points in group B, and by 4.07 (p < 0.001) and 3.14 (p < 0.001) points in group C, respectively. Group A showed significantly better results than group C in anxiety (by 1.54 points; p < 0.01) and depression (by 1.40 points; p < 0.05). Group B obtained significantly better results than group C in anxiety (by 1.61 points; p < 0.01) and depression (by 1.81 points; p < 0.01). Conclusions. Practising a water exercise program resulted in a better decrease of anxiety and depression levels compared with Pilates and yoga interventions.

Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of the psycho-emotional state and quality of life in women with post-mastectomy syndrome with different types of attitude to the disease at the dispensary stage of rehabilitation.Methods.

Introduction: The growing research demonstrates that breast cancer surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy greatly improve the long-term results of cancer treatment, overall survival, but leads to negative side-effects including from the respiratory system and quality of life. Aim: To evaluate the impact of a 12-week water program on the respiratory function in breast cancer survivors. Material and methods: 68 patients who had survived breast cancer participated in a 12-week physical rehabilitation. Pulmonary function parameters were evaluated in 34 women who performed water program (group A) and 34 women who received Pilates program (group B). Participants of both groups attended 36 rehabilitation sessions over 3 months. Results: Based on the results of 12-week rehabilitation, it has been determined that proposed water program is more effective for improvement of pulmonary function in breast cancer survivors at outpatient rehabilitation. It was demonstrated that vital capacity and forced vital capacity were statistically higher by 270 (p<0.001) and 190 ml (p<0.01), respectively in women of group A as compared to the group B. The respiratory minute volume was lower in group A by 1.06 l/min (p>0.05) compared to the group B that indicated about more economical ventilation in rest and increasing the functional reserve of the respiratory system in breast cancer survivors. Conclusions: The water-based program appears to be more effective then a Pilates program for improvements in vital capacity, forced vital capacity, maximal voluntary ventilation, and expiratory reserve volume in breast cancer survivors.

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga intervention enhanced by progressive muscular relaxation on pain in women after breast cancer surgeryMethodsOverall, 84 patients after Madden mastectomy were eligible for this study. After the exclusion of 7 women, 77 participants were randomly allocated to group A (<i>n</i> = 38), receiving progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to yoga intervention, and group B (<i>n</i> = 39), receiving yoga intervention only. McGill Pain Questionnaire and visual analogue scale were used to evaluate pain at baseline and after the 4-week intervention.ResultsMost of the investigated pain characteristics in both studied groups steadily improved during the 4-week rehabilitation. However, the 4-week monitoring indicated that using progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to the yoga intervention was more effective for reducing self-reported pain in women after Madden mastectomy. The post-intervention level of pain reported in the visual analogue scale and present pain intensity were statistically lower in group A compared with group B by 0.99 points (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 1.68 points (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsPerforming progressive muscular relaxation and visualization exercises in addition to yoga intervention helped reduce pain in women after Madden mastectomy.

Introduction. Numerous women experience fatigue, arrhythmias, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and pulmonary side effects induced by breast cancer treatment. The aim of the study was to analyse the changes in hemodynamic parameters in breast cancer survivors under the influence of a water physical rehabilitation program. Methods. overall, 34 women after breast cancer treatment completed a water physical rehabilitation program (group A) and 34 completed a Pilates program (group B). in both groups, the participants performed the same number of sessions 3 times a week for 3 months. The study was conducted during outpatient rehabilitation. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated with impedance cardiography. Results. Significant improvement was observed in both groups but it was more significant in group A. The actual value of cardiac output was higher in group A compared with group B by 0.64 l/min (p < 0.01), left ventricular power by 0.49 W (p < 0.01), and left ventricular work by 0.54 gm-m/beat (p < 0.01). Conclusions. The water program resulted in more significant improvements in cardiac output, stroke index, systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular work, and left ventricular power compared with the Pilates program during outpatient rehabilitation in women after breast cancer treatment.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of yoga on heart rate variability in patients with breast cancer in an outpatient rehabilitation program. Material and methods: Eighty-four patients with breast cancer were eligible for this study. After the exclusion of 7 women, participants were randomly allocated to a yoga exercise program (group A, n=33) and Pilates exercise program (group B, n=44). Heart rate variability parameters were evaluated at baseline, after six and twelve months of yoga exercises. Results: After twelve months of performing yoga exercises, standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) improved by 5.53 ms (p<0.001), square root of the mean of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR interval (RMSSD) improved by 4.91 ms (p<0.01), total power (TP) improved by 279.78 ms2 (p<0.001), very low frequency (VLF) improved by 109.76 ms2 (p<0.01), low frequency (LF) improved by 88.38 ms2 (p<0.01), high frequency (HF) improved by 77.60 ms2 (p<0.05), and stress index (Si) improved by 137.24 c.u. (p<0.01). Based on the results after 12 months, women in group A showed significantly better results compared to group B in SDNN by 3.28 ms (p<0.05), RMSSD by 3.34 ms (p<0.05), TP by 170.33 ms2 (p<0.05), HF by 64.33 (p<0.05), and Si by 56.49 c.u. (p<0.05). Conclusions: Performing the yoga exercise program resulted in an increase of the parasympathetic and baroreflex effects on the cardiovascular system and a decrease in the tonic effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Yoga should be considered as an effective tool in normalizing the functional state of the autonomic nervous system. breast cancer, heart rate, pilates, yoga