Winter wheat is one of the widespread crops in Ukraine. The search for methods to increase the yield and consumer properties of wheat, without compromising environmental safety, is one of the important scientific problems. The principles of precision agriculture point to the proper positioning of the seeds, recommending the method of “upward germination” (positioning the wheat germ vertically). The main objective of this study was to develop a new geometric model of wheat grain with a displaced centre of mass, as well as to conduct the theoretical research and numerical experiments on the orientation of grains using their multiple impact interaction with inclined surfaces. A new model of germ consisting of two different end semispheres and amid-line truncated cone was proposed, with a displaced centre of mass. Taking into account the physical properties of the objects, the concept of arrangement of gravity orientation of seeds in a stream was applied. This concept was based on various ratios of kinetic parameters of bodies with a displaced centre of gravity following an impact. The results showed that the orientation process can be controlled by changing the inclination angles and the length of the walls of the tray orientator within the working velocity range. This must be done before impact interaction of 0.2-0.3 m s−1 when the inclination angles of the impact interaction planes are 24-32°C.
By means of the studies of the influence of the method of sowing of winter wheat grains containing germs oriented upwards, the increase of the wheat yields in comparison with the traditional horizontal position of the sown grain was established. The mechanism of the physiological process of the promotion of growth of the primary roots and wheat stems in the course of germination is revealed. Shou-Chen Ma studied the effect of the sowing time and sowing rate on the yield components and winter wheat use efficiency. Bakhram Andzaryan was engaged in determining the optimum date of sowing of wheat using the model CSM-CERES-Wheat. We are investigating the increase in the wheat yield by oriented seeding of the grain. The experimental studies confirmed the accelerated growth of the indicators of the weight and size of wheat, sown vertically with the germs oriented up wards, in comparison both with the germs oriented downwards and by means of the horizontal sowing method. The crucial influence of the methods of grain orientation in the soil on the background of the optimum depth of the position of the germ, when the level of moisture of the soil is determined, both on the process of vegetation and the yield, has been proved. Besides, it is established that due to the application of the vertical sowing method, when germs are oriented upwards, and the advanced vegetation of all parts of the plant, such as: the root system, stem, head and grain, the yield of winter wheat can be increased by 32 %, in comparison with the control samples. We can state that the mechanism of wheat growth promotion and the possibility for introducing it into an expanded classification of methods, used to enhance the germination activity of plants, while applying a wide range of pre-cultivating methods of the sowing material, can be confirmed. Thus, the obtained results show an advantage of the sowing method, when the germ is oriented upwards, expressed in the increase in the yields, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results also indicate the attractiveness of such technical means for crops oriented specially.
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