In the article the main approaches to the estimation of the level of financial security of the companies (on the basis of the component of economic security, indicated, financially-oriented, resource-functional, minimizing-criterial, integral, on the basis of determining the probability of bankruptcy) are analyzed, summarized and detailed of the specifics of its level calculations according to the data of financial coefficients. The main indicators of the financial condition of the enterprises, for which normative values are established in accordance with official domestic methods are given. The leading methods of systems of financial security analysis of the enterprise are investigated, the advantages and disadvantages of their practical application for domestic enterprises are mentioned. The experience of the integrated estimation of the financial state according to the financial coefficients is described, on the basis of which the method of calculating the volatility of prices as a measure of the degree of financial risk is proposed. The suggestions of applied value for the use of general scientific methods of cognition are given. it is established that the analyzed methods and methods of protection will enable the management of the enterprise to choose the most suitable for them and economically justified in a particular situation model.

У статті висвітлено основні етапи застосування методичного підходу до оцінювання фінансової складової конкурентного потенціалу підприємств машинобудування в системі економічного управління. Оцінювання фінансової складової конкурентного потенціалу здійснено за 2008-2017 роки на основі даних фінансової звітності тридцяти одного підприємства машинобудування, які за класифікатором видів економічної діяльності віднесено до групи «Виробництво машин і устаткування, не віднесених до інших угрупувань». Визначено еталонні значення формування та використання фінансових ресурсів підприємствами машинобудування за досліджуваний період. Розраховано відстані від еталонного значення, здійснено розподіл підприємств машинобудування за узагальнюючим показником фінансової складової конкурентного потенціалу за рівнями на підставі розробленої шкали формування та використання фінансових ресурсів. Запропонований методичний підхід дасть змогу порівняти реальні та необхідні ресурсні можливості досягнення економічних цілей та виконання завдань підприємства в конкурентному середовищі. Ключові слова: конкурентоспроможність підприємства, конкурентний потенціал, конкурентні переваги, економічне управління підприємством, фінансові ресурси, фінансова складова конкурентного потенціалу, підприємства машинобудування.

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to formulate a proposal to improve the technology of planning the supply of goods as part of the financial planning of import operations of PE "Art-Energo" in accordance with the problems identified during the analysis of the enterprise. Among the objectives of the study are: - consideration of the current state and features of the functioning of the system of financial planning of import operations at the enterprise during the analysis of its activities; - identification of the most urgent problem that arises in the supply of goods within the financial planning of import operations of the enterprise; - formation of a proposal to solve the identified problem of financial planning of import operations and justification of its feasibility. Design/methodology/approach. To achieve the goals, special and general scientific methods were used, including: graphic method was used to visualize the cycle of financial planning of imports of PE "Art-Energo"; expert method was used to determine the weight of the criteria for evaluating suppliers in the system of financial planning of import operations of PE "Art-Energo"; comparison was used to justify the most favorable terms of cooperation and to select the best contractors; systematization was used for calculations of liquidity indicators; generalization was used to develop recommendations for working with partners by category in the system of financial planning of import operations of PE "Art-Energo". Findings. In the article is shown that the conditions of cooperation with foreign counterparties directly affect not only the competitiveness of the enterprise, but also the financial performance of its activities. It was found that non-parity terms of cooperation with suppliers can be one of the causes of cash gaps, which in turn leads to the inability of the company to repay its obligations on time and, consequently, to insolvency. It is established that the maneuverability of working capital is significantly reduced with the full advance of products, which is the main condition for cooperation of suppliers with PE "Art-Energo", so there is a need to transform the payment system. In order to increase the efficiency of the technology of planning the supply of goods as part of the financial planning of import operations, it is proposed to introduce a system of supplier evaluation in the activities of the enterprise. The hypothesis of a positive relationship between the introduction of supplier evaluation system as a tool of improvement the financial planning of import operations of PE "Art-Energo" and the growth of the company's ability to pay current liabilities, including timely payments on accounts payable due to operating cash flow is proven. Practical implications. The introduction of a supplier evaluation system based on the evaluation of estimation according to the relevant criteria and the classification of partners by category will help ensure transparency of the contractor selection mechanism, eliminating subjective preferences, thereby minimizing the impact of the human factor. That is why such a way to improve the technology of planning the supply of goods can find practical application not only in the case of PE "Art-Energo", but also for any other trading company. Originality/value. In the article, the authors suggest the use of a supplier evaluation system based on the results of the audit and the assignment of the rating to the contractors, that allow to identify their weaknesses and clearly formulate the tasks that need to be solved by the supplier in order to effectively cooperate with PE "Art-Energo". Eliminating the actual shortcomings of the supply system and the introduction of supplier evaluation system helps the company to reduce costs, risks, increase the quality of goods and ensure the stability of work.

For studying the excess of youth unemployment in comparison with other age groups in Europe and selected world regions, the authors hypothesized the high efficiency of government employment policy, taking into account the possible consequences of displacing other age groups. The aim of the study is to formulate proposals for reducing youth unemployment in Europe and selected world regions in accordance with the identified specific causes of this phenomenon. The main objectives of the study are: - consideration of macroeconomic indicators of Europe and selected world regions in 2015 to 2020 and the peculiarities of their interconnection; - identification of the most specific causes of youth unemployment excess in comparison with other age groups in Europe and selected world regions; - formation of proposals for reducing youth unemployment and justification of their feasibility. To achieve the purpose, special and general scientific methods were used, including: graphic method, comparison, formalization, systematization, generalization, induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis. Based on a study of employment in selected world regions in 2015 to 2020, it was found that there is a significant excess of youth unemployment compared to the general unemployment rate. However, unemployment may be less of a problem for young people than for adults, as it tends to be shorter. Moreover, young people may simply change jobs more often, so the higher unemployment rate observed is mainly functional and therefore not particularly harmful. Reducing youth unemployment is a difficult task, but complete inaction in this area or attempts to solve unemployment problems in other age groups at the expense of youth employment can lead to more severe economic consequences. In general, the hypothesis of the high efficiency of government employment policy, taking into account the possible consequences of displacing other age groups, is proven. Among the main motives prompting scientists to further study the problems of youth unemployment are the economic and social difficulties that the economically active population faces when they lose their jobs. In the future, concrete steps can be developed by states in the framework of employment policy, which can include individual counseling procedures, as well as systemic interventions based on the analysis of social circles in which young people are involved (for example, families and couples, not just individuals). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the macroeconomic indicators of Europe and selected world regions is examined. In particular, the dynamics of real GDP and employment rates during 2012-2020 are reflected. It was found that young workers in Europe were more prone to job losses during the crisis than the elderly population. However, the downward trend in youth employment affects not only Europe but also other regions of the world, including developing countries, where youth unemployment can be three times higher than the general rate. A number of reasons for low youth employment are identified, including a barrier to entry the labor market due to the lack of experience, insecurity of jobs, high frequency of voluntary dismissals and a tendency of youth unemployment towards over-cyclicality.

The cluster model of business organization has several advantages. In the presence of a cluster, marketing structures, which are created for the purpose of marketing support for the activities of enterprises taking into account the infrastructure of the vegetable market, are formed. This approach allows small-scale agricultural enterprises to avoid the growth of conditionally fixed costs and to increase performance of activity. At the same time, it's important to understand that clustering enables producers of vegetable products not only to jointly promote their products, but also to form an effective marketing support system for the activities of each enterprise. In this article authors have formed the essence of cluster analysis on the basis of the research of domestic and foreign scientists. The methodology of cluster analysis is generalized for vegetable enterprises. The use of methods of cluster analysis is proposed for the study of the regional vegetable market and consumer groups of vegetable products. Analytical and graphical possibilities of application of the software package STATISTICA are shown for multivariate grouping of consumers of vegetable products. A dendrogram of consumer preferences of vegetable products in a supermarket has been constructed. The authors used hierarchical clustering of consumers of vegetable products on the basis of Ward’s method, as an agglomeration plan. It is proved that the proposed methods should be used in the further practical activity of marketing services at the enterprises of the vegetable industry and their integration formations. The article justifies expediency the inclusion of psychographic and behavioral features in the segmentation of the market of vegetable products with cluster analysis, which will enable the marketing service to take into account the needs and demands of consumers in detail, establish the degree of their loyalty that is, the relation to vegetable production, its packaging and qualitative characteristics. The control of this technique is important not only for the marketer who carries out marketing researches, but also for employees of the marketing department of a small vegetable company.