Rainwater harvesting is the process of intercepting, conveying and storing rainfall for future use as an alternative source of water in the drought prone areas of Ethiopia especially eastern Oromia. The aim of the research was to assess and mapping suitability area of water harvesting site in Daro Labu District. There are various methodologies and criteria to identify suitable sites and techniques for rainwater harvesting (RWH). Determining the best method or guidelines for site selection, however, is difficult. GIS is the recent technology of spatiotemporal data used to assess the factor of influences for rainfall and runoff depth estimation for identification of potential area of RWH for crop production and mapping of the potential site. The influence factors for consideration of the assessment was climate data, soil texture and depth, land use and land cover (LULC) type, slope difference were used. The total area of the catchment was about 156064.72 ha. The SCS-CN for rainfall used to runoff depth estimation compute runoff and volume from the land surface depend on the level of antecedent moisture condition (AMC.) The length of wet and dry season of the study area were known with antecedent moisture condition (AMC) of II, I III by having the values of 82, 67 and 91 respectively. The annual of 20 years average rainfall was 925.2 mm with maximum and minimum of 1134 mm and 737.3 mm respectively with average annual runoff depth of estimate was 185.3 mm. From the estimated annual runoff the volume of water harvested was about 2.89 × 10 8 m 3 . The suitability map of the study area shows extremely potential, highly potential, potential and not potential accounts by coverage areas about (12,797.3 ha) 8.2%, (25,906.7 ha) 16.6%, (98,302.8 ha) 63.5%, and (19,040 ha) 7.5% respectively. The runoff in the study area was affected by geomorphological factors, particularly, land use change, topography, soil texture and depth, drainage density, and population density affects the runoff rate and volume significantly.
Water is a vital resource to sustain civilizations and pecuniary development and most importantly agriculture. Agriculture is the main contributor to the Ethiopian economy. The field experiment was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research center to evaluate the effects of drip and furrow irrigation under different irrigation levels on maize water use efficiency. The experiment was laid out in an RCBD split-plot arrangement where drip and furrow irrigations were assigned as the main plot and irrigation levels (100, 85, 70, and 55% of ETc) were assigned in the subplot arrangement with three blocks. The highest seasonal water requirement of maize was 701.7 mm at 100% ETc under conventional furrow irrigation which is considered as control while the lowest was 321.6 mm at 55% ETc under alternative furrow irrigation. The interaction effects of irrigation systems and irrigation levels have shown a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on water use efficiency. The highest (2.38 kg/m 3 ) and the lowest (0.60kg/m 3 ) water use efficiency were recorded from the plots treated with drip irrigation at 100% ETc and conventional furrow irrigation at 100% ETc treatments, respectively. In terms of water use efficiency and economic prominence, irrigating with a drip irrigation system with 100% ETc can be recommended for the production of maize in the study area.
Water is scarce resource in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia and is major limiting factor for crop production. The field experiment was conducted in 2018 at Melkasa Agricultural Research Center during the off-season to identify irrigation method and irrigation application level that maximizes productivity of onion per unit of water consumed and enhanced onion crop production. The experiment was carried out using split plot design in RCBD having three replications. The experiment consisted of two irrigation methods viz., furrow and drip irrigation as main plot and three levels of manageable allowable depletion viz., 120%, 100% and 80% as sub-plot. The ANOVA revealed that their interaction had a significant (p<0.01) effect on bulb diameter, total bulb yield, marketable bulb yield and water productivity. The maximum total bulb yield (41.76 t/ha), marketable bulb yield (38.39 t/ha), bulb diameter (6.02 cm) and water productivity (13.05 kg/m 3 ) were observed from drip irrigation method at 80% management allowed depletion application, while significantly lower of 34.48 t/kg, 31.6 t/ha, 5.11 cm, and 6.84 kg/m 3 respectively were recorded from furrow irrigation method at 120% management allowed depletion application. Among all tested treatments drip irrigation method with 80% MAD was the best practice because of its high yield, water productivity.
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