The present study investigated the distribution status and biodiversity of Trichoderma species surveyed from coffee rhizosphere soil samples from Ethiopia and their potential for biocontrol of coffee wilt disease (CWD) caused by Fusarium xylarioides. Trichoderma isolates were identified based on molecular approaches and morphological characteristics followed by biodiversity analysis using different biodiversity indices. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma isolates was evaluated against F. xylarioides using the dual confrontation technique and agar diffusion bioassays. A relatively high diversity of species was observed, including 16 taxa and 11 undescribed isolates. Trichoderma asperellum, T. asperelloides and T. longibrachiatum were classified as abundant species, with dominance (Y) values of 0.062, 0.056 and 0.034, respectively. Trichoderma asperellum was the most abundant species (comprising 39.6% of all isolates) in all investigated coffee ecosystems. Shannon’s biodiversity index (H), the evenness (E), Simpson’s biodiversity index (D) and the abundance index (J) were calculated for each coffee ecosystem, revealing that species diversity and evenness were highest in the Jimma zone (H = 1.97, E = 0.76, D = 0.91, J = 2.73). The average diversity values for Trichoderma species originating from the coffee ecosystem were H = 1.77, D = 0.7, E = 0.75 and J = 2.4. In vitro confrontation experiments revealed that T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 reduced the mycelial growth of F. xylarioides by over 80%. The potential use of these Trichoderma species for disease management of F. xylarioides and to reduce its impact on coffee cultivation is discussed in relation to Ethiopia’s ongoing coffee wilt disease crisis.
Purpose Industries are generating numerous amount and types of organic wastes to the environment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of agro industrial wastes compost on soil physicochemical quality, soil microbial population, growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) under field condition . Methods The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized plot design at field condition. Allium cepa L. was grown using five different levels of agro industrial wastes compost, three different levels of inorganic fertilizers and three controls. Results Compost amendment improved the soil pH, TOC, TKN, field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and available water content (AWC), cultivable bacterial count and fungi. But no significant effect was found on electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (P) compared to the control. Exchangeable Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu increased while Pb, Cr, and Mn value showed no significant change with compost application. Field application of compost improved onion shoot numbers, shoot girth, and shoot length. Further, significant shoot weight and bulb weight were also obtained after compost treatment. Conclusions After compost amendment significant improvement in soil fertility and onion yield was obtained. This can be recommended for small scale farmer's food security improvement and combined with agro industrial wastes management.
Environmental pollution is the global sensitive issues currently resulting ecologicl crise, drastic climate change and biodiversity loss. Bioremediation is one of an ecofriendly and cost effective alternative strategy for removing different pollutant waste using microorganisms. Different types of ex-situ and insitu bioremediation service these are biopiling, composting, Land farming, bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioagumention are employed to treat heavy metal waste, Petroleum hydrocarbon, agro-industreal, dyestuff, agrochemicals, organic and volatile compound, lignocellulose biomass and nuclear waste. Several microorganisms (natural/exotic/ engineered) having specific metabolic capability and various enzyme production ability which fall under six main divisions include Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases and Ligases (synthetases) are used during bioremediation process. Understanding the mechanism, mode of action and role of microorgsnism in bioremediation process is essential to utilize microorganism potential and designe waste management strategy
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