The objective of this paper is to present the results of a class developed with routines in Java language, and contribution of OpenCV library, for analysis and extraction of metadata from images. To evaluate the developed class, three different figures were produced in cardstock and their perimeters were measured with a millimeter ruler. Then these figures were scanned for further image analysis with aid of the developed class. The images of the figures were initially saved in BMP format. After it, each of the images in BMP format were saved in JPG and PNG file formats resulting, at the end, on nine images. The validation of the correct extraction of the image metadata and so the perimeter value of the object was performed by comparing the values obtained by direct measurement perimeter of the figure, with a millimeter ruler, and the values obtained with digital image processing, counting the contour pixels of the image of the figure, and using the image resolution, one of the extracted metadata. For the edge detection and counting of the contour pixels of object, the algorithms cvFindContours() and cvContourPerimeter(), of OpenCV library, were used. It was obtained, for the worst case, a percentage error of 8.0 %, for images with BMP and PNG format. Therefore, the developed class presents satisfactory results and is recommended to extract and calculate measures of an object present in the image.
Usually, in a real-world scenario, few signature samples are available to train an automatic signature verification system (ASVS). However, such systems do indeed need a lot of signatures to achieve an acceptable performance. Neuromotor signature duplication methods and feature space augmentation methods may be used to meet the need for an increase in the number of samples. Such techniques manually or empirically define a set of parameters to introduce a degree of writer variability. Therefore, in the present study, a method to automatically model the most common writer variability traits is proposed. The method is used to generate offline signatures in the image and the feature space and train an ASVS. We also introduce an alternative approach to evaluate the quality of samples considering their feature vectors. We evaluated the performance of an ASVS with the generated samples using three well-known offline signature datasets: GPDS, MCYT-75, and CEDAR. In GPDS-300, when the SVM classifier was trained using one genuine signature per writer and the duplicates generated in the image space, the Equal Error Rate (EER) decreased from 5.71% to 1.08%. Under the same conditions, the EER decreased to 1.04% using the feature space augmentation technique. We also verified that the model that generates duplicates in the image space reproduces the most common writer variability traits in the three different datasets.
The evaluation of the root system is important for better understanding the effects of nutrient management on soil and plant nutri-tion. However, root system studies and culture are slow and show low accuracy. In this context, digital image processing may be an alternative. The objective of this research was to develop a computational method to assist evaluation of the soybean root growth. Initially, the free and open access software, available at: http://rm.deinfo.uepg.br/, was developed in Java platform with the OpenCV library supply through the plug-in JavaCV. To evaluate the software, copper wires with 10 mm, 20 mm, and 50 mm of length manually measured using callipers. They were scanned with a resolution of 300 dpi and then images were loaded in the software. Variation coefficients between 0.01 and 2.99 % were obtained. Subsequently, the samples of soybean roots were scanned and the results of developed software and Safira software were correlated with those from the line-intersect method. The determination coefficients (R² = 0.999) of the developed software, on average, were better than those obtained with Safira software (R² = 0.733), when compar-ing with the line-intersect method. Therefore, the proposed method was accurate for length measurements of soybean roots.
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