Purpose: The role of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) for management of extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) remains controversial. We examined disease outcomes for ESOS patients and investigated the association between CT/RT with recurrence and survival. Patients and methods: Retrospective review at 25 international sarcoma centers identified patients ≥18 years old treated for ESOS from 1971 to 2016. Patient/tumour characteristics, treatment, local/systemic recurrence, and survival data were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional-hazards regression and cumulative incidence competing risks analysis were performed. Results: 370 patients with localized ESOS treated definitively with surgery presented with mainly deep tumours (n = 294, 80%). 122 patients underwent surgical resection alone, 96 (26%) also received CT, 70 (19%) RT and 82 (22%) both adjuvants. Five-year survival for patients with localized ESOS was 56% (95% CI 51%-62%). Almost half of patients (n = 173, 47%) developed recurrence: local 9% (35/370), distant 28% (102/370) or both 10% (36/370). Considering death as a competing event, there was no significant difference in cumulative incidence of local or systemic recurrence between patients who received CT, RT, both or neither (local p = 0.50, systemic p = 0.69). Multiple regression Cox analysis showed a significant association between RT and decreased local recurrence (HR 0.46 [95% CI 0.26-0.80], p = 0.01). Conclusion: Although the use of RT significantly decreased local recurrences, CT did not decrease the risk of systemic recurrence, and neither CT, nor RT nor both were associated with improved survival in patients with localized ESOS. Our results do not support the use of CT; however, adjuvant RT demonstrates benefit in patients with locally resectable ESOS.

The effect of 4-nonylphenol (NP) on cell proliferation and adipocyte formation was examined in cultures of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Following the hormonal induction of differentiation into adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells were treated for 8 days with or without NP. NP at 5 and 10 microg/ml increased the DNA content by 32% and 68%, respectively, compared with that of the untreated cultures, in which NP was absent during the treatment period. There were many more bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the NP-treated cultures, in which NP was present at a concentration of 10 microg/ml during the treatment period, compared to the untreated cultures. These results indicate that NP had the ability to stimulate the proliferation of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. NP at 5 and 10 microg/ml decreased the triacylglycerol (TG) content by 26% and 58%, respectively, and decreased the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity by 51% and 71%, respectively. The lipid droplets in individual cells of the NP-treated cultures were smaller than those of the untreated cultures. The mRNA levels of LPL and adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein (aP2) were considerably lower in the NP-treated cultures than in the untreated cultures. Thus, NP also had the ability to inhibit adipocyte formation in cultures of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. A study using an antiestrogen ICI 182,780 showed that the NP-stimulated cell proliferation was mediated partly by the estrogen receptor, while the NP-induced inhibition of adipocyte formation was mediated by a mechanism other than the estrogen receptor.

Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate whether environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA) and BPA-related chemicals, affect adiponectin production and secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and whether BPA acts through Akt signaling.

To our knowledge, we reported the first case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring from the lumbar spine treated with total en bloc spondylectomy and chemotherapy. Successful radical resection of the tumor could be accomplished. Although the effect of chemotherapy on the final results could not be clearly determined, considering that at least continuous disease-free survival was achieved, it is highly likely that chemotherapy contributed to the favorable results.

The patient was a 61-year-old man who developed gossypiboma of the left thigh and femur resulting in the imaging appearances of a malignant surface tumor. He had a past history of surgery on the left femur for open fracture 40 years previously. Radiographs and CT showed a soft tissue mass with osteolysis and periosteal thickening of the left femur. On MRI, the mass showed heterogeneous signal intensity with contrast enhancement at the periphery, suggesting a malignancy. 99mTc-HMDP bone scintigraphy showed a faint ring-like uptake, but thallium -201 scintigraphy did not show any uptake in the tumor. An extensive intralesional excision was performed. Postoperative histopathological examination showed a fibrous foreign body with reactive changes. There were neither viable cells nor atypical giant cells around the foreign body. No malignant change was evident. Based on surgical and histopathological examinations, the tumor was finally diagnosed as gossypiboma related to a retained surgical sponge.