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Jun-ichi Suzuki1[8] successfully evaluated the wall shear rate in the abdominal aorta with MR velocity mapping. However, the blood flow pattern in the thoracic aorta was proven to be spiral or helical [19â€"23]. Therefore,for the thoracicaorta,a vector analy sis of the wall shear rate is required to analyze this mechanism of atherogenesis. MR veloc ity mapping can be freely set at any anatomic site in any direction. Accordingly,the pur pose ofthis study was to assess this technique to analyze the vector of the wall shear rate in duced by the helical blood flow in the tho racic aorta in humans. In our study, two orthogonal vector elements that induced wall shear stress were measured with MR velocity mapping. These elements were an axial ele ment along the axis of the lumen of the thoracic aorta and a nonaxial element perpen dicular to the lumen axis and tangential to the vessel wall (Fig. 1). This study is a two-dimen sional extension of the one-dimensional models ofthe abdominalaorta [7,8]. Subjects and MethodsThe study population consisted of six healthy volunteers (mean age, 28 ±4 years). They were

P Pu ur rp po os se e: : The hemodynamic responses secondary to sympathetic suppression by esmolol may alter blood flow to splanchnic organs. We investigated whether esmolol might modify splanchnic organ blood flow responses during sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane.

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