This study investigates the effect of frequency on cleaning of various Hard Disk Drive (HDD) components. The disk drive components used for this study was aluminum metal spacer, e-coated disk separator and plastic separator. The frequency used for this study was 58/132 kHz, 132 kHz, 360 kHz, 470 kHz and 1 MHz. In this study multiple extraction method was used to find the cleanability and erodability of the parts and liquid particle counter was used to measure the particle concentration in the extracted solution. The result indicates that dual frequency i.e 58/132 kHz is more suitable for cleaning of aluminum metal spacer and e-coated disk separator, 360 kHz and 470 kHz is more suitable for cleaning of plastic disk separator. The result shows that 360 kHz is the supreme frequency for final rinsing. 360 kHz frequency also found to be a better washing and rinsing frequency for various HDD components. Cleaning the parts with multiple frequencies gives higher cleanabili
Abstract-In this paper, we describe an experimental study undertaken to investigate ultrasonic and megasonic fields in the frequency range 25 kHz -360 kHz, temperature range 30 ο C -70 ο C and re-circulation range 0 -10 GPM with respect to their surface cleaning and erosion potential. Measurements are performed using three different methods -LPC, cavitation intensity and aluminium foil test -to assess these mechanisms mainly for disk drive components. Conclusions are drawn regarding the nature of interactions between high-frequency, high-intensity ultrasonic fields and temperature. Recommendations are provided for optimal settings to maximize surface cleaning for variety of disk drive components.
In this study an eco-mill system with new technology was developed to overcome the current palm oil mill issues such as vast Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) ponds, large mill area, reliance on water supply, oil quality, oil loss, and energy etc. In eco-mill process two distinct technologies such as megasonic clarification system and ultrasonic horn press system was developed to replace the conventional clarification system and sterilization system. Megasonic clarification process can separate the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) more effectively without any dilution (no additional water required) and within short period of time with lowest temperature (~ 80 °C). This results in high quality oil with minimum oil loss. Ultrasonic horn press system can rupture the oil cells within the palm fruits and also press the oil emulsion out from the fruits within 20 sec with controlled temperature (~ 70 °C). These changes can influence POME treatment process and at the same time reduce the treatment cost significantly. The issues of environmental pollution due to POME can be greatly reduced. The frequency ranges studied for CPO clarification process was 40 kHz-1 MHz and the temperature range studied was 60 °C to 90 °C. The effect of various watt densities on oil separation was also studied. Result shows that 360 kHz would be the more appropriate frequency to separate the oil from its entrained impurities within short period of time. The result also shows that higher watt density gives faster separation of CPO. Megasonic clarification with 80 °C gives better oil quality and faster separation as compared to other temperatures tested. Result also indicates that the DOBI value decreases with increase of temperature over 85 °C. The ultrasonic horn press takes only 20 sec to rupture/burst the oil bearing cells in the fruitlets. This indeed reduces the cycle time drastically as compared to conventional sterilization system.
Abstract-A multi-frequency megasonic system (360/470 kHz) with thickness mode transducers was developed to remove the nano-dimensional and sub-micron particles more effectively from various surfaces and the results obtained are compared with the conventional megasonic system operating with only single frequency. The multi-frequency transducers are piezoelectric transducers operating in thickness mode at different operating frequencies. To assess cleaning ability, the maximum cleaning potential tests were performed and almost 30% cleaning improvement was achieved as compared to 470 kHz and almost 4% improvement was achieved as compared to 360 kHz megasonic system operating with thickness mode transducers for the parts tested. Uniformity of the multifrequency megasonic cleaning system was measured using ppbTM probe. The results revealed that the cavitation activity was more uniform throughout the entire cleaning system even at the edges and corners of the system employing multifrequency. The uniformity of the multi-frequency megasonic system was also studied by using Liquid Particle Counting (LPC) technique. The results obtained are quite consistent even at various locations of the tank employing multi-frequency with thickness mode transducers. This study also covered run to run variations of the megasonic system. Multiple extraction study was also performed for various megasonic frequencies to measure the surface cleanliness (SC), maximum cleaning potential (MCP) and also to see the erosion propensity.
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