A battery of 12 neuropsychological tests were administered on two occasions to 15 chronic PCP users who reduced or eliminated use of PCP over a 4‐week period. A comparison sample of 15 non‐PCP drug users who did not differ in age, sex, education, and ethnic composition also were tested at the two time periods. Impairment, initially higher for PCP users, decreased significantly after reduction in use of PCP. A nonsignificant increase in impairment was found for non‐PCP drug users. Analysis of each variable revealed that substantial improvement occurred on the acquisition, recall, and delayed recall scores of the Randt Memory Test. Improvement also was noted for some individuals on Trails B and Digit Symbol tests.
Young, active, licensed professional boxers (N = 19) were found to display a pattern of neuropsychological deficits consistent with the more severe punch‐drunk syndrome of years past. These deficits resulted in significantly lower test performance than that of control athletes (N = 10) matched for race, age, and level of education. Tests that showed significant differences between groups include subtests of the Quick Neurological Screening Test, subtests of the Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, and the Randt Memory Test. Fifteen of the 19 boxers scored in the impaired range of the Reitan Impairment Index, as compared to 2 of the 10 controls.
Social encounters between all possible pairings of seven thick·tailed galagos (Galago crassicaudatus) and eight slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang) were observed in an observation cage. Neither species used facial displays or vocalization during the encounters. Both species possess special urination behaviors, but these patterns were not used extensively during the encounters. Reciprocal allogrooming and olfactory investigation were prominant behaviors displayed by both species. Agonsitic behavior was seen much more frequently in galagos than in lorises. Responses of a particular animal to others differed in type of behavior displayed and in the duration and intensity of the behavior; thus, individual recognition of specific species members is possible for both species.
The classic, partial-classic, and diallel combining ability analyses were applied to behavioral measurements of activity and shock-elicited activity made on mice. The analyses for males indicated that additive but not dominant gene action influenced activity and significant general combining ability effects were present. The mode of inheritance of activity for females was more complex involving additive gene action and some specific combining ability effects. Shock-elicited activity was shown to be genetically influenced to a marked degree with complex types of gene action. The mode of inheritance of behavior traits was often specific to one particular cross or sex and generalizations based upon one method involving only a few genotypes were unsuccessful. Theoretical and methodological problems regarding scaling assumptions, detection of genetic variance, estimation of number of effective genetic factors, and choice of analytical techniques were discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.