Implementation of a standard protocol for urine culture follow-up and discontinuation of unnecessary antibiotics was both effective and safe in a high-volume pediatric urgent care network. Urine culture follow-up management is an essential opportunity for improved antimicrobial stewardship in the outpatient setting that will affect many patients by avoiding a substantial number of antibiotic days.
This paper analyses the concept of positive behavior and strategies for promoting positive behavior in a country that has a centralized educational system, namely Malaysia. The analysis covers 91 circulars (official government documents) that were distributed to schools over a period of 40 years (from 1969 to 2011). The analysis uses a content analysis approach. The results suggest that the concept of positive behavior revolves around discipline and obedience. The term 'good discipline' is frequently used referring to the concept of positive behavior. Perpetration, aggressive and gang behavior are considered to be negative. The Government has tended to emphasize in promoting discipline and positive behavior: (1) strategies for bonding social capital and bridging social capital, and (2) discouraging negative behaviors using punitive approach, positive and negative reinforcement. This paper proposes the framework for promoting positive behavior and the implications for classroom management.
Theories relating to youth participation are, in the main, ill-defined and contested. It is often assumed that citizenship and a sense of well-being are the outcomes of active forms of youth participation. This paper presents a critical comparative review of each before offering a new model which seeks to explain the top-down and bottom-up influences on the positive engagement of young people.
Th is study analysed the theoretical foundations utilised by past empirical research in order to understand the pedagogical strategies used in schools for promoting positive behaviour. Th e analyses also include how pedagogical theories underpinned past research on positive behaviour enhancement. Samples for this study were academic papers obtained from four main databases: the Australian Education Index, British Education Index, ERIC (Educational Research Information Centre) and Scopus. By using a systematic review technique, a total number of 143 papers were found to be relevant for further analysis. Results revealed that four theoretical models dominate the studies examined, namely Applied Behavioural Analysis, Social Capital theory, Culturally Responsive Classroom Management, and Ecological Systems theory. Th is study recommends understanding of those theories is important in designing modules for positive behaviour enhancement in schools.
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