In Max Hattler’s stereoscopic installation Vœrtex two-dimensional abstract animation is turned into immersive images with strong three-dimensional depth. Utilizing a two-screen, semi-Cave Automatic Virtual Environment, Vœrtex creates a unique viewing experience for the viewer, a hybrid space situated halfway between immersion-in-abstraction and the real world of the gallery space, allowing the viewer to be in two spaces simultaneously. This article discusses the technical set-up, production processes and stereoscopic techniques, including binocular colour rivalry and depth displacements employed in Vœrtex. This is followed by a discussion of Vœrtex in relation to the concept of lucidity and an audience study into viewers’ perception of the work. The hybrid set-up of Vœrtex, combining both stereoscopic and interactive visual texts, allows for a sense of creative inspiration and inquiry into the dreaming mind, and participants can actively choose to explore different aspects of their perception by oscillating between two divergent states: an immersive dream sensation and a sense of being anchored in the real world.
Independent animation is a marginal media form in China, and studies describe how both Chinese artists and scholars of film studies have only started to practice or construct this genre and popular cinema since the 1990s, especially after the Shanke (Chinese Flash animators, 閃客) phenomenon. In this article, the existing discourse of independent animation in contemporary China is critically analyzed by studying mainly what is said and written by the local practitioners and scholars in China. The author’s analysis is based on the assumption that animation should be taken ‘as an art form’, which should be able to express itself freely without any external constraints or intervention by others. Hence, the focus should be placed on the ultimate purpose and meaning of art along with the form. Among the various types of discourses constructed by practitioners, the author argues that the discourse constructed by the contemporary Chinese art scene should be encouraged to keep the nature of independent works so as to give voice to true, personal and inner values, and expressions that are outside the institutionalized and dominating discourse or framework.
3D cinema has been defined by a quest for increased realism and immersion and the recreation of realistic depth perception. However, instead of merely seeing stereo vision as a visual enhancement of 2D cinema, some contemporary moving image artists explore unique types of perceptual illusions and ambiguous perceptions in their stereoscopic films. Through the experimental stereoscopic films of Blake Williams and Kazuhiro Goshima, and interviews with the artists, this paper focuses on the artists’ motivations behind their works and their intended impacts on audiences. Drawing mainly on aesthetic, perceptual and technical perspectives, the paper examines how artists use experimental approaches to stereoscopic imaging and theorises the resulting aesthetics and perceptual forms for S3D films.
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