For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner.Suggested citation: Lee, T.M. and Fouad, G.G., 2014, Creating a monthly time series of the potentiometric surface in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Northern Tampa Bay area, Florida, January 2000-December 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5038, 26 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20145038. ISSN 2328-0328 (online) iii AcknowledgmentsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the staff of the Southwest Florida Water Management District for providing data and assistance to the study, and Sandie Will, Michael Hancock, and Jason Patterson for their reviews of the report. Tampa Bay Water provided groundwater monitoring data to the study. Dr. Steven Reader and Jason Simms (University of South Florida, Department of Geography) provided early assistance with geostatistical approaches and numerous helpful discussions.Paul Conrads and Matthew Petkewich (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), South Carolina Water Science Center) provided invaluable assistance and specialized programs for analyzing groundwater data and estimating missing values. Anita Ortiz (USGS, Florida Water Science Center, Tampa) provided assistance with USGS groundwater monitoring data, and along with Jason Bellino (USGS, Florida Water Science Center, Tampa), contributed much-appreciated mapping support to the study. Contents AbstractIn Florida's karst terrain, where groundwater and surface waters interact, a mapping time series of the potentiometric surface in the Upper Floridan aquifer offers a versatile metric for assessing the hydrologic condition of both the aquifer and overlying streams and wetlands. Long-term groundwater monitoring data were used to generate a monthly time series of potentiometric surfaces in the Upper Floridan aquifer over a 573-square-mile area of west-central Florida between January 2000 and December 2009. Recorded groundwater elevations were collated for 260 groundwater monitoring wells in the Northern Tampa Bay area, and a continuous time series of daily observations was created for 197 of the wells by estimating missing daily values through regression relations with other monitoring wells. Kriging was used to interpolate the monthly average potentiometric-surface elevation in the Upper Floridan aquifer over a decade. The mapping time series gives spatial and tempor...
A groundwater condition metric is presented and used to evaluate hydrologic changes in a regional population of wetlands in and around municipal well fields with large groundwater withdrawals. The approach compares a 26-year, monthly time series of groundwater potentiometric surfaces to light detection and ranging (LiDAR) land-surface elevations at 10,516 wetlands in a 1505-square-kilometer area. Elevation differences between the potentiometric surface and wetland land surface provide a flow direction (upward or downward) and a proxy for vertical hydraulic head difference in Darcy’s groundwater flow equation. The resulting metric quantifies the groundwater condition at a wetland through time as the potential for groundwater to discharge upward into a wetland or for water in a wetland to leak downward to recharge the underlying aquifer. The potential for wetland leakage across the regional wetland population decreased by 33% in the 13 years after cutbacks in groundwater withdrawals (2003-2015) compared to years before cutbacks (1990-2002). Inside well field properties, wetland leakage potential decreased by 24%. In the wet season month of September, wetlands with the potential to receive groundwater discharge increased to 21.6% of the regional population after cutbacks compared to 13.3% before cutbacks. When mapped across regional drainage basins, discharging wetlands formed spatial connections suggesting they play a critical role in generating streamflow.
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