Language is a powerful weapon that expresses the culture of a given people. The study entitled: ‘Language and Tiv Cultural Practices in Adan-Wade Kohol Ga’ clearly looks at linguistic and cultural resources that Suemo Chia discusses in his novel. This study explores aspects of language and examines cultural elements in the novel under study. This study used Benjamin Lee Whorf’s Whorfian Hypothesis or Linguistic Relativity which was propounded in 1956. He theorised that the structure of our native language determines our perception or cosmology. Methodologically, this study used primary and documentary sources. The primary is Adan-Wade Kohol Ga and secondary sources are books, articles, dictionaries and theses. As for the data presentation, the researcher read, extracted relevant linguistic and cultural elements, transcribed and analysed. It has been discovered that Adan-Wade Kohol Ga is novel of growth – bildungsroman. It is also a historical novel that discusses Tiv traditional belief system. It has been found out that the novel under discussion has graphological, phonological, syntactic and semantic deviations. It has also been learnt that Tiv borrowed certain cultural practices from other tribes. The novel has linguistic and cultural archaisms. It has been recommended that the younger generation should study their indigenous literatures so as to understand the culture of their people. Young people should also learn their own languages; hence language defines individuals. Lecturers should recommend indigenous literatures to the students of Languages and Linguistics, Cultural Studies, Literature in English and English Language to read, analyse and translate.
All levels of language analysis are prone to changes in their phonology, morphology, graphology, lexis, semantics and syntax over the years. Tiv language is not an exception to this claim. This study investigates various aspects of phonological or sound changes in Tiv language. This paper therefore classifies sound changes in Tiv; states causes of sound changes in Tiv and explores implications of sound changes. The research design used in this paper is purposive sampling of relevant data. The instrument used in this paper is the observation method in which the author selected words that showed epenthesis, deletion and substitution. It has been noted that the use of archaic spellings in the Modern Tiv literatures shows their ancientness. Phonological change is not a deviation but a sign of language growth and changes in spellings result in changes in sounds. The author recommends that scholars should write papers or critical works on lexical/morphological, syntactic, semantic, graphological changes in Tiv language. Students should write projects, dissertations and theses on language change and diachronic linguistics. This study introduces Tiv historical linguistics and diachronic phonology which serve as catalysts for the study of Tiv language. The understanding of Tiv sound change provides students with a much better understanding of Tiv phonological system in general, of how Tiv phonology works and how the phonemes fit together
The culture of a given people is reflected in their literature and language is a medium through which such a culture is expressed. Stylistic analysis of Tange’s The Legitimate Candidate, Shija’s Whispers of Distant Drums, Gar’s The Blood of the Ram, Kwaghchimin’s A Star of Hope, Tijah’s Slow Men at Work and Norya’s The Luminous Flame resonates with unique expressions which express Tivness. The study investigates the significance of semantic devices in the select novels using Style as a Manner of Expression Model. Methodologically, this study used primary and secondary sources of data. The data for analysis are Tivisms in the select novels. Tivisms refer to Tiv words, expressions, exclamations or interjections, phrases and sentences, unique narrative, dramatic and poetic techniques that are used in literary works talk about Tiv people, culture and language. The study shows that Tivisms serve the following purposes: identity construction, multimodality, beautification, speech flavour and local colour. The paper contributes the literature on language use in Nigerian or African literature.
All levels of language analysis are prone to changes in their phonology, morphology, graphology, lexis, semantics and syntax over the years. Tiv language is not an exception to this claim. This study investigates various aspects of phonological or sound changes in Tiv language. This paper therefore classifies sound changes in Tiv; states causes of sound changes in Tiv and explores implications of sound changes. The research design used in this paper is purposive sampling of relevant data. The instrument used in this paper is the observation method in which the author selected words that showed epenthesis, deletion and substitution. It has been noted that the use of archaic spellings in the Modern Tiv literatures shows their ancientness. Phonological change is not a deviation but a sign of language growth and changes in spellings result in changes in sounds. The author recommends that scholars should write papers or critical works on lexical/morphological, syntactic, semantic, graphological changes in Tiv language. Students should write projects, dissertations and theses on language change and diachronic linguistics. This study introduces Tiv historical linguistics and diachronic phonology which serve as catalysts for the study of Tiv language. The understanding of Tiv sound change provides students with a much better understanding of Tiv phonological system in general, of how Tiv phonology works and how the phonemes fit together.
Language has verbal and nonverbal components and both of them complement each other in our daily communication. The former exists in spoken form and the latter uses body movement, musical instruments and sign language to convey meaning. Surrogate language is synonymous with nonverbal communication. This paper investigates the linguistic roles of surrogate language in the select literary texts. The study explores different media of surrogate language and states the roles of surrogate language in literary texts. This study adopts Katz, Blumler and Gurevitch’s Uses and Gratifications Theory. This theory states that audience use the mass media for their own purposes such as information, entertainment, messages, announcements and advertisements. The researcher selected seven literary texts using non-probability sampling method with particular reference to purposive sampling. The researcher made use of both primary and secondary sources such as textbooks, journal articles, theses and dictionaries. The author read, selected and jotted down surrogate language for easy presentation and analysis. It has been found out that in surrogate language, blind people can hear the sounds of the musical instruments and understand, deaf people can see the eye contacts of the speakers without bothering about the speech.
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