The growing field of empirical studies on child’s resilience encouraged us to conduct a meta-analysis in order to integrate the findings across studies targeted at child’s adaptive functioning after experiences of maltreatment. In face of substantial and unbiased empirical evidence (published in scientific databases before 2010), research questions were raised about extant verifiable explanatory knowledge as well as implications for countries just starting such research. Domain-specific resources accounted for the majority of attributes of resilience. The aim of the study was to investigate the attributes of a child’s positive functioning in face of maltreatment. We used the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 software program and applied the guidelines for psychometric meta-analysis. Attributes of resilience were treated as moderator variables and assigned to one of three categories according to the framework of the study, namely, individual characteristics (classified through the domains of child cognition, self-perception and temperament / personality traits), characteristics of Interpersonal relatedness (domain of close relationships within family, domain of relations outside family, i. e. connectedness with peers and other competent adults), and characteristics of Community. Our findings suggest that a child’s individual characteristics are somewhat more related to resilience than his / her interpersonal relations or the setting of a community network. The overall effect sizes are small, the total number of participants is 19 300. Empirical evidence does not support the linear increase of resilience with the child’s age. At present, the measurement is of crucial importance for studies of resilience considered as a dynamic characteristic of functioning. In the studies of early childhood development, it is difficult to differentiate between correlates of post facto resiliency outcomes and attributes of age-appropriate positive functioning. Statements can be made only with regard to the overall quality of life of a child.Key words: resilience, child maltreatment, development, meta-analysisNETINKAMĄ ELGESĮ PATYRUSIŲ VAIKŲ ATSPARUMAS: EMPIRINIŲ STUDIJŲ METAANALIZĖDalia Nasvytienė, Tomas Lazdauskas, Teresė LeonavičienėVaikų psichologinio atsparumo tyrimų gausa paskatino mus atlikti metaanalizę, apibendrinančią iki 2010 m. atliktų empirinių studijų rezultatus. Iki šiol nėra vienodo teorinio supratimo apie veiksnius, nulemiančius netinkamą elgesį patyrusių vaikų sėkmingą psichologinį prisitaikymą ir praktinių to įrodymų. Tyrimo klausimais siekta išsiaiškinti, kokie kintamieji – individualios vaiko savybės, tarpasmeniniai saitai ar bendruomenės kontekstas – labiausiai siejami su psichologinio atsparumo išraiška iki šiol atliktuose tyrimuose. Empirinių studijų, nagrinėjusių 19 300 vaikų psichologinį atsparumą, rezultatus apibendrinome programine įranga (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V. 2), papildomai taikydami psichometrinės metaanalizės kriterijus. Kodavome šešis vaiko ir jo aplinkos kintamuosius, svarbius psichologinio atsparumo išraiškai. Metaanalizė išryškino, kad visų kintamųjų efektų dydžiai yra maži, tik individualaus konteksto kintamieji kiek stipriau susiję su psichologinio atsparumo išraiška. Išsami anksčiau atliktų studijų apžvalga mums leidžia manyti, kad iki šiol atliktų tyrimų metodologija neatspindi dinaminės psichologinio atsparumo esmės. Ankstyvosios vaikų psichologinės raidos tyrimams nuolat kyla uždavinys rasti takoskyrą tarp amžiaus tarpsniui būdingo sėkmingo funkcionavimo ir psichologinio atsparumo patyrus netinkamą elgesį. Iki 2010 m. atliktų vaiko psichologinio atsparumo tyrimų aiškinamąją galią riboja nepakankamas dėmesys bendrajam vaiko raidos kontekstui.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: atsparumas, netinkamas elgesys su vaiku, raida, metaanalizė.
Abstract. A general methodology for the stability analysis of discrete approximations of nonstationary PDEs is applied to solve the Kuramoto-Tsuzuki equation, including also the Schrödinger problem. Stability regions are constructed for the explicit, backward and symmetrical Euler schemes. The obtained results are applied to solve the Kuramoto-Tsuzuki problem with a non-local integral boundary condition. Results of computational experiments are provided.
Research into gas flow motion as a transported phase and pollutant – particulate matter (PM) is of crucial importance, their changes in particular areas of the object require knowledge of improving the apparatus. A cyclone is considered one of the most popular devices due to the new modified multi-channel design that involves combined separation and filtration phenomena. The findings of an accurate numerical model provide an opportunity to verify long-term experimental studies. In addition, it is possible to determine the impact of the designed principal elements of the structure comprising secondary gas inlets, inner slits and the convex bottom on gas and PM motion through verification conducting experimental research. The study focuses on simulating the upgraded cyclone using the SST k-omega model. The research has been conducted under the specified gas flow conditions such as high temperature and relative humidity (aggressive) gas and presents the results of the physical model to compare with. To achieve greater computational accuracy, a digital model of the cyclone made of specific volumetric elements has been developed thus expanding the grid and stepping to form the boundary zone. As a result, numerical simulation results differ by no more than 12.8% compared to the experimental studies results.
A detailed analysis of absorbing boundary conditions for the linear Schrodinger equation is presented in this paper. It is focused on absorbing boundary conditions that are obtained by using rational functions to approximate the exact transparent boundary conditions. Different strategies are investigated for the optimal selection of the coefficients of these rational functions, including the Pade approximation, the L2 norm approximations of the Fourier symbol, L2 minimization of a reflection coefficient, and two error minimization techniques for the chosen benchmark problems with known exact solutions. The results of computational experiments are given and a detailed comparison of the efficiency of these techniques is presented.
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