This article is a qualitative analysis of trajectories and leadership formación of twelve scholarly leaders who work at five institutions in the state of Morelos, in Mexico. We analyze three categories of formative experiences: a) formative experiences within the family, b) scholar and professional formative experiences and c) formative experiences aside from the domestic, scholar and professional spheres. Based on our study, we suggest the following factors in the formación of leaders: sociomoral formación, mentoring by support figures and guide figures, search for autonomy, exposure to problematic situations that represent a challenge, setting of long-range goals, generation of dispositions to resist an instrumental logic, exposure to leadership figures, as well as an increase in social and cultural capital. We emphasize the importance of the existential as well as the ethical and political dimensions in leadership formation.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explicar los motivos que tuvieron 32 investigadores(as) para salir al extranjero y retornar a México en el marco del programa de repatriación del CONACYT. La perspectiva de Bernard Lahire sobre socialización resultó útil porque permite ver los recorridos biográficos de los individuos al momento de formar parte de ciertos grupos o instituciones. Recurrimos al método biográfico para poder captar los procesos de socialización. La perspectiva de Lahire se complementa con la categoría contextos de recepción que permite leer teóricamente la dinámica de la repatriación y a su vez entender los motivos para salir y retornar. Si bien existe una política que incentiva el retorno, son los grupos de investigación e instituciones quienes determinan el retorno.
Se presenta un análisis de la política en materia de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTI) implementada en México a partir de 2019 por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) y se revisan sus antecedentes. Se abordan las dimensiones epistémica, ético-política y técnica de la política actual recurriendo a documentos públicos. Se encontró que la política actual tiene consistencia teórica y un buen sustento axiológico; su debilidad principal está en una falla estructural que afecta el diseño de la estrategia y la puesta en marcha de acciones eficaces para cumplir los objetivos planteados. Se concluye que se requiere un haz de políticas articuladas y convergentes que complementen la política del CONACYT, reconociendo las limitaciones estructurales de este organismo y la necesidad de aprovechar la experiencia de las universidades autónomas, al tiempo que se procuran programas y acciones para renovar las plantas de investigadores y la infraestructura para CTI. Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Mexico: Analysis and Perspectives Abstract An analysis of the science, technology and innovation (STI) policy, implemented in Mexico as of 2019 by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), is presented and its background is reviewed. The epistemic, ethical-political and technical dimensions of the current policy are addressed by resorting to public documents. It was found that the current policy has theoretical consistency and a good axiological support; its main weakness lies in a structural flaw that affects the design of the strategy and the implementation of effective actions to meet the proposed objectives. It is concluded that a set of articulated and convergent policies is required to complement the CONACYT policy, recognizing the structural limitations of this organization and the need to take advantage of the experience of the autonomous universities, while seeking programs and actions to renew the research staff and infrastructure for STI.
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