The material of this investigation comprised a group of 18 patients with deep hypoacousis (over 70 dB) or complete deafness which, depending on the onset of the deafness, was divided into the 3 categories: congenital, early childhood to 3rd year of life, and postlingual. All of them underwent ENT, phoniatric and stroboscopy examinations; in 10, X-ray tomography of the larynx was also performed. The status of hearing ability was assessed by audiometric examinations using pure tones in air and bone conductions. The acoustic examinations comprising spectrographic and tonographic analyses were performed on an appropriate linguistic material including vowels, isolated words, sentences and reading text. The measurement of Fo was performed on isolated vowels. In order to characterise the degree and kind of periodicity disturbances the following parameters were estimated: the medium value of fundamental frequency, the range of Fo variability, the maximal change of period length from cycle to cycle, and its medium value (jitter). The results of the acoustic examinations revealed different degrees and kinds of periodicity disturbances depending on the depth of the hypoacousis and its onset.
Phoniatric and acoustic examinations were carried out in a group of 30 patients with dysphonia, including 15 with organic type and 15 with functional type. A complex phoniatric assessment offered the possibility to differentiate between these two groups of pathological voices. This was achieved also on the basis of acoustic analysis of the voice by extracting characteristics such as: formant frequency, Fo and its range, percentage of noise in the analysed verbal text, mean and maximum values of jitter. The possibility of differential diagnosis of these two different types of dysphonia in acoustic studies was confirmed by clinical examinations. The acoustic studies presented can be regarded as a new approach to a fast and sufficiently precise method in the screening diagnostics of dysphonia conditioned by growth of the vocal fold mass.
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