Compliance with standard case management was highly satisfactory. Outcome of children treated with penicillin and derivatives was good, including children with empyema and pneumatocele and two patients with penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. At the present time S. pneumoniae resistant to penicillin is not an important problem in children with pneumonia in Uruguay. Surveillance of identified microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility must continue.
This is the first study showing the impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis in Latin America; a significant (63.5%) reduction in hospitalization was observed during the first 6 years after starting vaccination. A 90% reduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines 7/13 serotypes was observed (P < 0.0001). After vaccination, all strains were penicillin susceptible. Mortality had a reduction of 71%.
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