Rabies is a viral zoonosis affecting mammal species and causes large economic losses. Included among the neglected diseases, it is still insufficiently addressed by governments and the international community, despite formal surveillance and control programs. This study used a dataset of 10,112 rabies diagnoses in animals provided by the Brazilian passive surveillance system from 2001 to 2012. The positivity rate of the tested samples was 26.4%, and a reduction in the total samples sent during the last six years was observed. The kernel density map indicated case concentration in the south region and a decrease in density of rabies cases in the second period studied (2007 to 2012). The directional trend of positive rabies diagnoses remained in the south region, as shown by the standard deviational ellipse. The spatial scan statistic identified three large clusters of positive diagnoses, one in the first period (2001-2006) and two in the second period (2007-2012), indicating an expansion of risk areas. The decrease in rabies cases from 2006 to 2012 does not necessarily reflect lower viral circulation or improvement in actions by epidemiological surveillance; this decrease could indicate a deficiency in epidemiological surveillance during the observation period due to the increase in the silent areas. Surveillance should maintain an increasing or constant number of tests during the years in addition to a reduction in the number of outbreaks of rabies, which would indicate a lower positivity rate. The findings in this study indicate deterioration in the effectiveness of the passive surveillance for rabies. The number of rabies cases, total number of tests performed and positivity rate are good indicators for evaluating passive surveillance. This paper can function as a guide for the assessment and improvement of the actions in passive surveillance of rabies.
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar la prevalencia y factores epidemiológicos asociados con las enfermedades virales del Complejo Respiratorio Bovino (CRB) en razas criollas del Centro de Investigación Turipaná - AGROSAVIA (Colombia). Se evaluaron 403 bovinos de la raza Romosinuano y 445 Costeño con Cuernos (CCC). A través de la técnica de ELISA indirecta se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos para diarrea viral bovina (DVB), rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina (IBR), parainfluenza-3 (PI3) y virus sincitial respiratorio bovino (BRSV). Se obtuvieron las prevalencias y se evaluó la asociación entre los agentes virales y entre estos con las variables sexo, edad, tipo de hato y raza; la prueba de Ji-cuadrada se aplicó con un nivel de significancia del 5% y el efecto de la asociación fue determinado por la razón de probabilidades (OR). se constituyó un modelo de regresión logística para explicar la enfermedad más prevalente. Las prevalencias medias en las dos razas fueron: DVB (33.02 %), BRSV (18.51 %), IBR (12.85 %) y PI3 (11.20 %); sin embargo, individualmente, la raza CCC presentó mayor prevalencia para todas las enfermedades. El modelo de regresión mostró una asociación entre DVB, IBR y PI3, las variables sexo, edad, hembras con más de 1 año de edad y la raza CCC. Para abordar las enfermedades del CRB, se recomiendan acciones con énfasis en el control y prevención de DVB y estudios más profundos para entender la dinámica y co-endemicidad de la DVB, IBR, BRSV y PI3 en las razas estudiadas.
Dengue, a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease, is the most common vector-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we aim to demonstrate biological evidence of dengue virus infection in bats. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the departments of Cordoba and Sucre, Colombia. A total of 286 bats were captured following the ethical protocols of animal experimentation. The specimens were identified and euthanized using a pharmacological treatment with atropine, acepromazine and sodium pentobarbital. Duplicate samples of brain, heart, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney were collected with one set stored in Trizol and the other stored in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal antibodies. Brain samples from lactating mice with an intracranial inoculation of DENV-2 were used as a positive control. As a negative control, lactating mouse brains without inoculation and bats brains negative for RT-PCR were included. Tissue sections from each specimen of bat without conjugate were used as staining control. In a specimen of Carollia perspicillata captured in Ayapel (Cordoba) and Phylostomus discolor captured in San Carlos (Cordoba), dengue virus was detected, and sequences were matched to DENV serotype 2. In bats RT-PCR positive for dengue, lesions compatible with viral infections, and the presence of antigens in tissues were observed. Molecular findings, pathological lesions, and detection of antigens in tissues could demonstrate viral DENV-2 replication and may correspond to natural infection in bats. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of these species in dengue epidemics.
<p>Durante el presente estudio se evaluaron los pulmones de 582 bovinos machos tipo exportación, de razas cebuinas y diferentes procedencias, faenados en el frigorífico del municipio de Montería – Córdoba (FRIGOSINU), con la finalidad de identificar las lesiones encontradas en este órgano. El muestreo se hizo en forma sistemática durante 10 días, evaluando animales escogidos al azar. Durante el tiempo de estudio se decomisaron los pulmones de 190 animales con algún tipo de alteración pulmonar, lo cual corresponde al 32,6%. El 67,4% de los animales muestreados resultaron sin alteración macroscópica evidente. Estos resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, encontrándose que el enfisema intersticial fue la causa principal de decomiso, siendo observado en el 64,7% de los animales, seguido de hemorragias (15,8%), neumonía lobar (10,5%), congestión pulmonar (8,9%) y broncoaspiración de contenido ruminal (9,0%). Al analizar las evidencias macroscópicas de los pulmones decomisados, se concluye que la mayoría de las alteraciones encontradas en los pulmones decomisados obedece a fallas en el proceso de insensibilización y sacrificio de los animales, no se pueden descartar problemas infecciosos, sin embargo el diagnóstico de laboratoriao no fue contemplado en este estudio, por lo tanto se establece diagnóstico presuntivo de acuerdo a las lesiones macroscópicas.</p>
Avaliação de uma nova metodologia para a representação da pecuária no Brasil Evaluation of a new methodology for the representation of livestock in Brazil]M.E.
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