Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between being an evening type (ET; defined subjectively by the Morning-Evening Questionnaire or objectively by the dim-light melatonin onset [DLMO] timing) and reporting emotional eating (EE) behaviors. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 3964 participants (four international cohorts: ONTIME and ONTIME-MT [both Spain], SHIFT [the US], and DICA-CEM [Mexico]), in which chronotype (Morning-Evening Questionnaire), EE behaviors (Emotional Eating Questionnaire), and dietary habits (dietary records or foodfrequency questionnaire) were assessed. Among 162 participants (ONTIME-MT subsample), additional measures of DLMO (physiological gold standard of circadian phase) were available. Marta Garaulet and Barbara Vizmanos contributed equally to this work.
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