This randomized and controlled trial investigated whether the increase in elite training at different altitudes altered the oxidative stress biomarkers of the nervous system. This is the first study to investigate four F 4 -neuroprostanes and four F 2 -dihomo-isoprostanes quantified in 24-hour urine. The quantification was carried out by Ultra High

We analyzed biomarkers of lipid peroxidation of the nervous system -F2-dihomo-isoprostanes, F3-neuroprostanes, and F4-neuroprostanes- in urine samples from 158 healthy volunteers ranging from 4 to 88 years old with the aim of analyzing possible associations between their excretion values and age (years). Ten biomarkers were screened in the urine samples by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Four F2-dihomo-isoprostanes (ent−7-(R)−7-F2t-dihomo-isoprostane, ent−7-epi−7-F2t-dihomo-isoprostane, 17-F2t-dihomo-isoprostane, 17-epi−17-F2t-dihomo-isoprostane), and one DPA-neuroprostane (4-F3t-neuroprostane) were detected in the samples. On the one hand, we found a significant, positive correlation (Rho: 0.197, P=0.015) between the age increase and the amount of total F2-dihomo-IsoPs. On the other hand, the values were significantly higher in the childhood group (4–12 years old), when compared to the adolescence group (13–17 years old) and the young adult group (18–35 years old). Surprisingly, no significant differences were found between the middle-aged adults (36–64 years old) and the elderly adults (65–88 years old). We display a snapshot situation of excretory values of oxidative stress biomarkers of the nervous system, using healthy volunteers representative of the different stages of human growth and development. The values reported in this study could be used as a basal or starting point in clinical interventions related to aging processes and/or pathologies associated with the nervous system.

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Interleukin-6 is an independent predictor of adverse events in low-moderate risk patients with NSTE-ACS and troponin-negative. Its use identifies a higher risk population in moderate-risk patients. This provides together with history of IHD a better discrimination and reclassification beyond that achieved with clinical risk variables from TIMI risk score in these patients.

F-neuroprostanes, F-neuroprostanes, and F-dihomo-isoprostanes, metabolites of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids [docosahexaenoic acid, n-6 docosapentanoic acid, and adrenic acid respectively], have become important biomarkers for oxidative stress in several diseases like epilepsy and alzheimer. These biomarkers and the 15-F-isoprostane (also known as 8-iso-PGF) a F-isoprostane isomer measured as reference oxidative marker at systemic level, were analyzed by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in the urine of 60 renal recipients from cadaveric donors of the Nephrology Unit of the University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, at six different times during the first six months after renal transplantation, and were compared with a control group of 60 healthy subjects from the same hospital. A total of 11 metabolites were analyzed and different patterns were observed. A tendency to decrease was observed in three metabolites (4-epi-4-F- NeuroP, ent-7(RS)-7-F-dihomo-IsoP, and ent-7(S)-7-F-dihomo-IsoP) and in our reference oxidative marker (15-F-IsoP) when kidney function improved and the excretion of urine proteins decreased. These results suggest that these three biomarkers of oxidative stress could be useful to assess renal function in the postransplant phase. Unfortunately, little is known about this kind of biomarker in this cohort of patients, so further investigation would be required in the clinical field to clarify the relationship between oxidative stress and the graft function, as well as the usefulness of these biomarkers as rejection markers.