Diagnosis and clinical presentations of celiac disease. A multicenter studyBackground: Ample use of serological markers of high sensitivity and specificity led to relevant changes in the epidemiology of celiac disease. The impact of these changes in our country is poorly known. Aim: To assess the diagnostic procedures, clinical presentations and follow up of celiac disease as conducted in current pediatric practice. Material and methods: A multicentric retrospective study of patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2005 in five pediatric hospitals in Santiago, Chile. Data was obtained from clinical records, recorded in electronic spreadsheets and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Seventy four of 83 identified patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Mean time to reach the diagnosis was 2.1 years. Cases younger than 10 years presented digestive manifestations such as chronic diarrhea and abdominal distension. Twenty one percent of older patients had atypical presentations (mainly short stature, refractory anaemia). Ten percent of cases were screened because a first degree relative had celiac disease. All patients had significant duodenal/jejunal lesion. IgA-antiendomysial antibodies (n =65) and IgA-antigliadin antibodies (n =23) were the most commonly used screening tests used but often, they were not available for follow up. A second biopsy was planned in all patients but only 26 had it due to repeated dietary transgressions, often due to unnoticed consumption of gluten in poorly labeled products. Conclusions: Digestive manifestations were the main presentation form for celiac disease among patients under 10 years of age. Atypical symptoms become relevant in patients older than 10 years. Antiendomysial and antitransglutaminase antibody measurement should be incorporated for routine screening and follow up of celiac disease in public hospitals. To improve food labeling about their gluten content is needed (
Reflujo Faringolaríngeo (RFL) es el flujo retrógrado del contenido gástrico o duodenal hacia faringe y laringe, generando inflamación en el tracto aerodigestivo superior. Tradicionalmente se utilizaba pHmetría con índice de reflujo ácido. La impedanciometría con pHmetría esofágica (pH-IIM) permite confirmar una relación causal entre síntomas sospechosos y RFL.Objetivos: Estudiar la presencia de RFL diagnosticado por pH-IIM en población pediátrica consultante por disfonía crónica y hallazgos laringoscópicos sugerentes de RFL, además, evaluar la concordancia entre pH-IIM y pHmetría tradicional.Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de pacientes consultantes en policlínico de Gastroenterología u Otorrinolaringología por disfonía crónica, cuya nasofibrolaringoscopía (NFL) fue sugerente de RFL. Los pacientes fueron hospitalizados para realizar pH-IIM de 24 hrs. Se excluyeron pacientes con antecedentes mórbidos congénitos o adquiridos. Se consideró RFL patológico si había 3 o más episodios de reflujo ácido a nivel proximal en pH-IIM. Se evaluó frecuencia de pHmetría tradicional y pH-IIM alteradas y la concordancia entre ambos métodos.Resultados: Se reclutaron 12 pacientes, 10 varones, de 6 a 15 años. En 9/12 se confirmó RFL patológico por pH-IIM, de los cuales 2/9 presentaban pHmetría tradicional en rangos normales y 7/9 pHmetría alterada. En 3 pacientes se descartó RFL por pH-IIM proximal normal. La concordancia entre pH-IIM y pHmetría tradicional fue aceptable (kappa 0,4).Conclusiones: 75% de los pacientes con disfonía y NFL sugerente mostraron evidencia objetiva de RFL patológico. Dado que sólo con la evaluación clínica, NFL y pHmetría convencional no es posible hacer diagnóstico de RFL, recomendamos hacer pH-IIM para mayor certeza diagnóstica, evitando un tratamiento innecesario y no libre de efectos indeseados en 25% de los casos.
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