Abstracts Background Sexual risk behaviors are defined as sexual activities that may make an individual liable to the risk of sexually transmitted infections including Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and unplanned pregnancies. Adolescents are at high risk of developing sexual risk behavior. The rate of risky sexual behaviors and the spread of STIs continue to be increase among the adolescent population. Therefore this study aimed to assess Metu secondary and preparatory school adolescent knowledge, attitude, and practice of risky sexual behaviors. Methods Institution based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among Metu secondary and preparatory school students from 04 Feb 2019–07 June 2019. The study participants were selected through systematic random sampling techniques and the data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. A Total of 361 study subjects were included in the study. Data was entered in EpiData and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Results Three hundred sixty one respondents participated in this study. Of those, 75.9% of them have awareness about risky sexual behaviors and about 76.5. % of them has awareness on consequences of unsafe sex. Among the total study participants, about 22.7% of them had previously practiced in sexual activity; of these 61.7% of respondents had more than one sexual partner. From the respondents who had practiced sex, 19.8% of them had always used condom during their sexual intercourse with their partners, while 58% of them never used condom during sexual intercourse. Conclusions Even though the majority of the students have an awareness regarding sexual risk behaviors, a considerable number of students have practiced risky sexual behaviors that might predispose them for different sexual and reproductive health problems and peer pressure was revealed as a major factor that influences the respondents towards their first sexual intercourse. Peers have greater influence on the positive and negative behavior of their friends. Therefore the school should emphasize on promoting peer educators and peer discussion to protect adolescents and youth from risky sexual behaviors.

Globally, diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five years of children. Every day, approximately 2195 children die due to diarrheal diseases, which accounts for 1 in 9 child deaths worldwide. Many interventions that attempt to reduce childhood diarrhea are often fail because they are programed without understanding the problem in the target community and are culturally unsuitable. Therefore, this study aimed to assess perception and management preference of acute diarrheal disease among mothers who attend under five clinics. An institution based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from May 1-May 30/2019. A total of 276 respondents were included in the study and consecutive sampling technique was used to identify the study participants. The results show that 47% of respondents perceive childhood diarrhea is caused by teething, 47.8% of the respondents perceive that diarrhea cannot be transmitted from one child to other. Majority of care givers prefer to give home remedies to their child, and also a substantial proportion of mothers and caregivers were not adequately knowledgeable on the use of oral rehydration salt which resulted in many of them using traditional medicine. There is need for increased health education focused on increasing caregivers‟ knowledge about the cause of diarrhea and enhancing adoption of appropriate prevention practices of diarrhea among children under five years.

Background: Perinatal outcomes refer to life events that occur to the newborn baby from the age of viability (28 weeks) to the first week of life. The transition of fetus immersed in the amniotic fluid to life outside the womb is not always smooth and can result in adverse events to the mother or the baby. Adverse perinatal outcome is the major challenge both in low and middle-income countries. Globally, adverse birth outcomes commonly preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth and neonatal death are significant problems. Neonatal morbidities and mortalities are one of the most common contributing factors for11.8 million deaths. Despite ample strategies and interventions, prevention of adverse birth outcomes has remained largely unaddressed. Objectives: the main objectives of this study is to assess the determinants of adverse perinatal outcome among mothers who gave birth at selected governmental hospital in southwest Ethiopia Methods: This study was done using data from three selected governmental Hospital found in southwest Ethiopia. Facility based unmatched case control study design was carried out from May 5 to June15, 2021.The data was collected through interview by considering COVID-19 prevention protocol.Total of 310 study subject was included in the study. An individual was selected through consecutive sampling techniques. Data was entered using EpiData and analysed by using SPSS version 23. A threshold p value of less ≤ 0.05 was used to declare significance association between perinatal outcomes and its predictors in the chi-square test. Bivariate logistic regression was done. Variables which were significantly associated with perinatal outcomes in bivariate logistic regressions were included in the multiple logistic regressions. Result: adverse perinatal outcome was 5.9 times higher in mother who had unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 5.9(2.16, 16.16),3.48 times higher among mother who did not received iron during pregnancy(AOR: 3.48(1.24, 9.73) and, 5 times higher risk in mother with history of chronic hypertension (AOR: 5.11(1.98, 13.17) .In contrast, the risk was (AOR: 0.33(.17, .62) and (AOR: 0.43(.22, .87)lower among mother who were urban residence and who had term birth. Conclusion: Special emphasis should be given to women whose residence is rural, who have unplanned pregnancy, preterm birth and women with history of chronic hypertension and iron supplement were identified as protective factor to adverse pregnancy outcomes.