In the present study, we investigated whether a robot is able to deceive a human by producing a behavior against him/her prediction. A feeling of being deceived by a robot would be a strong indicator that the human treat the robot as an intentional entity. We conducted a psychological experiment in which a subject played Darumasan ga Koronda, a Japanese children's game, with a robot. A main strategy to deceive a subject was to make his/her mind believe that the robot is stupid so as not to be able to move quickly. The experimental result indicated that unexpected change of a robot behavior gave rise to an impression of being deceived by the robot.
Objectives To determine: (i) whether the accuracy of 0.680 for PSA, 0.684 for PSAD, 0.764 for PSAT, 0.748 for cSP/PSA, 0.885 for cSP/PSA in patients prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density is improved by using the transition zone (TZ) volume instead of total with a prostate volume <40 mL, while it was 0.817 for PSAT in patients with a prostate volume of prostate volume, with the c-seminoprotein (cSP, a measure of free PSA) to total PSA ratio, for detecting Á40 mL. Using a PSAT threshold of 0.17 in patients with a prostate volume of 40 mL, the number of prostate cancer; and (ii) to assess the influence of prostate volume on PSA density and cSP/PSA ratio.biopsies was reduced by 56% (66 of 118) and 22 of the 25 cancers (88%) were detected. In addition, a Patients and methods From April 1995 to July 1997, 297 consecutive patients (46-88 years old) were cSP/PSA ratio threshold of 40% in patients with a prostate volume of <40 mL decreased the number examined; all had intermediate serum PSA levels (4-10 ng/mL) and/or abnormal findings on digital of biopsies by 75% (88 of 117) and detected 32 of the 37 cancers (87%). rectal examination. All patients underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy, and the prosConclusions Prostate volume was significantly and positively correlated with cSP/PSA and negatively corretate and TZ volumes determined from TRUS. The PSA density relative to the total prostate volume (PSAD) lated with PSAT. Among patients with a PSA level of 4-10 ng/mL, a low cSP/PSA was most useful for and to the TZ volume (PSAT) were then calculated. The total PSA and cSP levels were measured before detecting prostate cancer when the prostate volume was <40 mL and a high PSAT was useful when the the diagnostic procedures. Results Of the 297 patients, 62 (21%) were histologically prostate volume was Á40 mL.
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