Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the constituent minerals of bone and teeth, that has been widely used for synthesizing bone graft. Due to the limitation on properties of the hydroxyapatite, it is doping with Magnesium (HAp-Mg). The addition of Chitosan (Chi) was expected to improve the antibacterial properties of HAp-Mg. The present research aims to study the influence of Chitosan with 0, 5, 15, and 25 wt% addition on biocompatibility properties of Chi/HAp-Mg composite. HAp-Mg was synthesized using the sol-gel method; meanwhile, Chi/HAp-Mg composite was manufactured by mixing Chitosan in acetic acid, and HAp-Mg was added into the mixture. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRD and SEM. In vitro antibacterial activities of the Chi/HAp-Mg composite were evaluated against Escherichia coli bacteria. Biocompatibility analysis from antibacterial activity showed that composite with the optimal composition on the addition of 15 wt% Chitosan has the best ability in inhibiting the growth of E. coli bacteria. Abstrak Studi Antibakteri Komposit Kitosan/Hidroksiapatit Terdoping Magnesium sebagai Material untuk Aplikasi Cangkok Tulang. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) adalah salah satu mineral penyusun tulang dan gigi yang telah banyak digunakan untuk sintesis cangkok tulang. Karena keterbatasan pada sifat hidroksiapatit diperlukan doping dengan Magnesium (HAp-Mg). Penambahan Chitosan (Chi) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sifat antibakteri dari HAp-Mg. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh Chitosan dengan penambahan 0, 5, 15, dan 25 wt.% pada sifat biokompatibilitas komposit Chi/HAp-Mg. HAp-Mg disintesis menggunakan metode sol-gel; Sementara itu, komposit Chi/HAp-Mg diproduksi dengan mencampurkan Chitosan dalam asam asetat kemudian HAp-Mg ditambahkan ke dalam campuran. Sampel yang disintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan SEM. Aktivitas antibakteri in vitro dari komposit Chi/HAp-Mg diuji terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Analisis biokompatibilitas dari aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa komposit dengan komposisi optimal pada penambahan 15 wt.% Chitosan memiliki kemampuan terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli.
Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.
In this study, the effectiveness of mango polyphenol (MPP) powder in seawater pH 7.4 as a natural treatment on the mechanical properties of unidirectional full culm bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) was investigated. Our observations are explained through the changes in MPP percentage of 5, 10, and 20 of the raw material upon treatment, where the 10% amount of MPP are dominant in compressive strength with 43.83 MPa at the top part (nodal), 10% amount of MPP in compressive strength with 47.13 MPa at the middle part (non-nodal), and 5% in flexural strength with 43.07 MPa at the top part. The treatment process combining sea-water absorption plus mango polyphenol powder is more effective in improving mechanical properties with MPP variations than using them alone. Finally, materials identified as having favorable effects on full bamboo culm.
Abstract:In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNT) were successfully synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition-fluidized bed (CVD-FB), with 10% hydrogen and 90% argon by volume, and a reaction temperature between 750 and 850 • C in a specially designed three-stage reactor. A solid state of polyethylene (PE) was used as a carbon source and iron(III) nitrate, iron(III) chloride, and nickel(II) chloride were used as catalysts. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectrum analysis were used to analyze and examine the morphology and characteristics of the CNTs. A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to determine the purification temperature for the CNTs. Experimental results showed that the synthesis with iron-based catalysts produced more carbon filaments. Nickel(II) chloride catalysis resulted in the synthesis of symmetrical MW-CNTs with diameters between 30 and 40 nanometers. This catalyst produced the best graphitization level (I D /I G ) with a value of 0.89. Excessively large particle size catalysts do not cluster carbon effectively enough to grow CNTs and this is the main reason for the appearance of carbon filaments.
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