As games and gamified applications gain prominence in the academic debate on participatory practices, it is worth examining whether the application of such tools in the daily planning practice could be beneficial. This study identifies a research-practice gap in the current state of participatory urban planning practices in three European cities. Planners and policymakers acknowledge the benefits of employing such tools to illustrate complex urban issues, evoke social learning, and make participation more accessible. However, a series of impediments relating to planners' inexperience with participatory methods, resource constraints, and sceptical adult audiences, limits the broader application of games and gamified applications within participatory urban planning practices. Games and gamified applications could become more widely employed within participatory planning processes when process facilitators become better educated and better able to judge the situations in which such tools could be implemented as part of the planning process, and if such applications are simple and useful, and if their development process is based on co-creation with the participating publics.
Librarian-provided services directed to participants in training programs (eg, students, residents) improve skills in searching the literature to facilitate the integration of research evidence into clinical decision-making. Services provided to clinicians were shown to be effective in saving time for health professionals and providing relevant information for decision-making. Two studies indicated patient length of stay was reduced when clinicians requested literature searches related to a patient's case.
Cancer is a condition caused by many mechanisms (genetic, immune, oxidation, and inflammatory). Anticancer therapy aims to destroy or stop the growth of cancer cells. Resistance to treatment is theleading cause of the inefficiency of current standard therapies. Targeted therapies are the most effective due to the low number of side effects and low resistance. Among the small molecule natural compounds, flavonoids are of particular interest for theidentification of new anticancer agents. Chalcones are precursors to all flavonoids and have many biological activities. The anticancer activity of chalcones is due to the ability of these compounds to act on many targets. Natural chalcones, such as licochalcones, xanthohumol (XN), panduretin (PA), and loncocarpine, have been extensively studied and modulated. Modification of the basic structure of chalcones in order to obtain compounds with superior cytotoxic properties has been performed by modulating the aromatic residues, replacing aromatic residues with heterocycles, and obtaining hybrid molecules. A huge number of chalcone derivatives with residues such as diaryl ether, sulfonamide, and amine have been obtained, their presence being favorable for anticancer activity. Modification of the amino group in the structure of aminochalconesis always favorable for antitumor activity. This is why hybrid molecules of chalcones with different nitrogen hetercycles in the molecule have been obtained. From these, azoles (imidazole, oxazoles, tetrazoles, thiazoles, 1,2,3-triazoles, and 1,2,4-triazoles) are of particular importance for the identification of new anticancer agents.
Lipophilcity is an important physico-chemical parameter that influences membrane transport and binding ability to action. Migration distance following complete elution of compounds was used to calculate different lipophilicity-related parameters. The aim of this study is to show that lipophilicity is a central component of thiazole chalcones and flavonoid derivatives regarding their drug-like properties. Experimental and computational methods were used. This study considers 44 previously synthesized compounds (thiazole chalcones, flavanones, flavones, 3-hydroxyflavones, and their acetylated derivatives). The concerned compounds have shown antitumoral hallmarks and antibacterial activity in vitro. The experimental method used to determine compounds’ lipophilicity was the reverse-phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC). Lipophilicity related parameters—isocratic retention factor (RM), relative lipophily (RM0), slope (b), chromatographic hydrophobic index (φ0), scores of principal components (PC1/RM)—were determined based on reverse-phase chromatography results.
Having the ability to give form to cooperative environments while easing the process of collective reflection, serious games have been put forward since the sixties, as a way to overcome challenges in participatory processes. This paper discusses the City Makers game prototype and reports on the game development process, with a focus on five key game-testing sessions. The overall aim of the serious game is to foster collective reflection and facilitate knowledge transfer in and across multidisciplinary groups. The hypothesis is that framing the participation process in a game format facilitates idea generation and dialogue between stakeholders. Therefore, the paper concludes with a set of challenges a serious game has to overcome in order to communicate knowledge from one group to another
Today's patterns of work are very much defined by the 'lean enterprise' practice, taking form in organizations that are more competitive, customer-driven and agile on the one hand (Womack, J. P., & Jones, D. T. (2007). Lean Solutions. New York: Simon & Schuster), and the separation of work from time and space on the other (Hochschild, A. (1997). The time bind. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books). Concepts like work and workspace are subject to an evolving nature and get a new meaning (Kirsh, D. (2000). A few thoughts on cognitive overload. Intellectia, 1(30), 19-51). This triggered the rise of new working spaces, fuelled by the aftermath of the global economic crisis that transformed the practices and meanings of work. Nevertheless, this applies only to particular sectors. This paper builds on the case of Genk, an important economic pole in the Limburg Region of Belgium. The development in the region has always been related to labour-intensive industrial activities. In light of these working shifts targeting mainly big companies/employers, Genk has turned a blind eye on the local proprietors. What about the small entrepreneurs/community economies addressing mainly the local clientele? What evolution do we see in their working pattern? By using a specific visualization tool, a series of interviews were conducted in order to explore in a playful way, existing social and economic networks. The interviews reveal networks that shape a coworking model. The paper will further present the scale of this 'coworking' phenomenon experienced in Genk, perceived to be the 'new model of coworking' in the context of the collaborative and sharing economy.
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G and tubulin pharmacological mechanisms decrease the effectiveness of anticancer drugs by modulating drug absorption and by creating tubulin assembly through polymerization. A series of natural and synthetic chalcones have been reported to have very good anticancer activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration lower than 1 µM. By modulation, it is observed in case of the first mechanism that methoxy substituents on the aromatic cycle of acetophenone residue and substitution of phenyl nucleus by a heterocycle and by methoxy or hydroxyl groups have a positive impact. To inhibit tubulin, compounds bind to colchicine binding site. Presence of methoxy groups, amino groups or heterocyclic substituents increase activity.
Natural and synthetic chalcones are biologically active molecules, as well as precursors for the preparation of several pharmacologically useful compounds, belonging to the class of the epoxides, flavanones, flavones and aurones. The thiazole ring is present in the structure of many compounds with therapeutic potential. Starting from these premises, the aim of this study was the synthesis and characterization of new thiazole chalcones, flavanones and flavones and the evaluation of their antioxidant potential. Chalcones were obtained by applying the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of thiazole aldehydes with acetophenones substituted in ortho or para with a hydroxyl group. The ortho hydroxychalcones were used as precursors for the synthesis of thiazole flavanones and flavones, in different reaction conditions: flavanones were obtained by cyclization in acidic/basic catalysis and flavones were obtained by oxidative cyclization with iodine in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The structures were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR and MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The synthesized compounds have a low antioxidant activity. RezumatCalconele naturale și de sinteză sunt molecule biologic active și precursori pentru sinteza unor compuși din clasele epoxizilor, flavanonelor, flavonelor și auronelor. Nucleul tiazolic este prezent în numeroși compuși cu proprietăți terapeutice. Pornind de la aceste premize, au fost sintetizate și caracterizate o serie de calcone, flavanone și flavone tiazolice și s-a evaluat potențialul lor antioxidant. Calconele au fost obținute prin reacția de condensare Claisen-Schmidt a unor aldehide tiazolice cu acetofenone substituite în orto sau para cu o grupă hidroxil. Orto hidroxicalconele au fost utilizate ca precursori pentru sinteza flavanonelor și flavonelor tiazolice, în diferite condiții de reacție: flavanonele s-au obținut prin ciclizare în cataliză acidă/ bazică, iar flavonele s-au obținut prin ciclizare oxidativă cu iod în dimetilsulfoxid (DMSO). Structurile au fost confirmate prin analize 1 H RMN, 13 C RMN, IR și MS. Activitatea antioxidantă a compușilor sintetizați a fost determinată prin metoda neutralizării radicalul liber 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Compușii sintetizați au o activitate antioxidantă redusă.
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