BackgroundDue to the rarity of primary bone tumors, precise radiologic diagnosis often requires an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist. In order to make the diagnosis more precise and to prevent the overlooking of potentially dangerous conditions, artificial intelligence has been continuously incorporated into medical practice in recent decades. This paper reviews some of the most promising systems developed, including those for diagnosis of primary and secondary bone tumors, breast, lung and colon neoplasms.ConclusionsAlthough there is still a shortage of long-term studies confirming its benefits, there is probably a considerable potential for further development of computer-based expert systems aiming at a more efficient diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors.
Case:
A 42-year-old bodybuilder with no history of trauma presented to our clinic with persistent right hip pain and rapidly advancing joint stiffness. Imaging confirmed massive, mature heterotopic ossification predominantly involving the right tensor fascia lata. Six months after a tailored surgical removal, there were no signs of disability, pain, or clinical signs of recurrence, and the patient regained proper joint function.
Conclusion:
In massive heterotopic ossification, tailored surgical removal of the part of the lesion that is limiting function may result in a complete functional recovery.
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a real-time, nanogram-accurate technique for analyzing various processes on biomaterial surfaces. QCM has proven to be an excellent tool in tissue engineering as it can monitor key parameters in developing cellular scaffolds. This review focuses on the use of QCM in the tissue engineering of cartilage. It begins with a brief discussion of biomaterials and the current state of the art in scaffold development for cartilage tissue engineering, followed by a summary of the potential uses of QCM in cartilage tissue engineering. This includes monitoring interactions with extracellular matrix components, adsorption of proteins onto biomaterials, and biomaterial–cell interactions. In the last part of the review, the material selection problem in tissue engineering is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of surface nanotopography, the role of nanofilms, and utilization of QCM to as a “screening” tool to improve the material selection process. A step-by-step process for scaffold design is proposed, as well as the fabrication of thin nanofilms in a layer-by-layer manner using QCM. Finally, future trends of QCM application as a “screening” method for 3D printing of cellular scaffolds are envisioned.
Case:The case describes a 59-year-old male patient who suffered from a solitary metastasis of unknown origin in the L1 vertebra. Owing to the instability, a corpectomy and posterior fixation with the expandable cage implantation was performed. However, the disease progressed, which required additional nonadjacent corpectomy and cranial elongation of the construct with implantation of the additional expandable cage at the level Th11.Conclusion:In such complex pathology, two single-level nonadjacent corpectomies and expandable cage implantations present a surgical solution that may provide a satisfactory outcome.
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