The sluggish ionic transport in thick electrodes and freezing electrolytes has limited electrochemical energy storage devices in lots of harsh environments for practical applications. Here, a 3D‐printed proton pseudocapacitor based on high‐mass‐loading 3D‐printed WO3 anodes, Prussian blue analog cathodes, and anti‐freezing electrolytes is developed, which can achieve state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical performance at low temperatures. Benefiting from the cross‐scale 3D electrode structure using a 3D printing direct ink writing technique, the 3D‐printed cathode realizes an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 7.39 F cm−2 at a high areal mass loading of 23.51 mg cm−2. Moreover, the 3D‐printed pseudocapacitor delivers an areal capacitance of 3.44 F cm−2 and excellent areal energy density (1.08 mWh cm−2). Owing to the fast ion kinetics in 3D electrodes and the high ionic conductivity of the hybrid electrolyte, the 3D‐printed supercapacitor delivers 61.3% of the room‐temperature capacitance even at −60 °C. This work provides an effective strategy for the practical applications of energy storage devices with complex physical structure at extreme temperatures.
Lithium ion capacitors (LICs) as promising energy storage devices are receiving lots of attention recently. However, anodes with high rate performance are urgently needed to balance the thermodynamics and kinetics...
Lithium metal batteries are emerging as a strong candidate in the future energy storage market due to its extremely high energy density. However, the uncontrollable lithium dendrites and volume change of lithium metal anodes severely hinder its application. In this work, the porous Cu skeleton modified with Cu6Sn5 layer is prepared via dealloying brass foil following a facile electroless process. The porous Cu skeleton with large specific surface area and high electronic conductivity effectively reduces the local current density. The Cu6Sn5 can react with lithium during the discharge process to form lithiophilic Li7Sn2 in situ to promote Li‐ions transport and reduce the nucleation energy barrier of lithium to guide the uniform lithium deposition. Therefore, more than 300 cycles at 1 mA cm−2 are achieved in the half‐cell with an average Coulombic efficiency of 97.5%. The symmetric cell shows a superior cycle life of more than 1000 h at 1 mA cm−2 with a small average hysteresis voltage of 16 mV. When coupled with LiFePO4 cathode, the full cell also maintains excellent cycling and rate performance.
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