<span lang="EN-US">Nowadays, many computer programs are used in the teaching of writing in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL). One of the functions of the computer programs is to provide feedback to EFL students’ writing so that the quality of their writing can be improved. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of free automated writing evaluation (AWE) tools affect undergraduate EFL students’ writing skills. In this experimental study, 35 Indonesian undergraduate students of English education department were asked to use two AWE tools, Grammarly and Grammark, in the writing course over four months. Data for this study were collected by using tests and questionnaire. Pre-test, middle test, and post-test were administered to examine the students’ writing skill improvement. The findings indicate that the sequenced use of two AWE tools, Grammarly followed by Grammark, had a beneficial effect on students’ writing skill improvement. This study confirms the benefits of free AWE tools in enhancing EFL students’ writing skills.</span>
The states in the east of peninsular Malaysia are rich with unique cultural heritage. Congruently, Terengganu has a hidden treasure that has qualified it to be gazetted as one of the Malaysian heritage sites. The western Baroque artistic architectural is proposed as an analytical discussion in this article pertaining to the classical appreciation that are impressively portrayed on buildings at Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu. This study pursues to unfold the spectrum of the classical artistic western Baroque architectural elements' influences, unfolding how stylization approach is incorporated, and to describe how provincial identity is preserved on buildings on the selected commercial buildings in Kampung Cina. The present study adopted qualitative approach with convenience sampling of the Kampung Cina, Terengganu buildings. Through visual evidence method, findings are revealed based on the simplistic visual impressionistic content comparison analysis. The findings suggest some strong evidence of geographical impact in relation to European Baroque inspirations that exist on these buildings. Yet, the complexity of the relationship with the local characteristics have commemorated this European flare. The intricacy of the relationship between provincial identity and colonialization is moderated by environmental characteristics which serve as an integral component in guiding the relationship between provincial identity to the state of great sophistication with the element of colonialization. Thus, the present study serves as a knowledge gateway to how colonial idealistic manifestation has impacted the local scene and how it has been mellowed by harmonization of strength and perseverance of provincial identity.
This commentary elaborates on the issues pertaining to absenteeism among Indigenous children and explores their perceived challenges and complexities. The qualitative study focuses on the Malaysian Semaq Beri Indigenous community, with 1 of the 19 Orang Asli (the Indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia). Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that despite various initiatives and incentives by the government to increase access to education, their acceptance of the modern education system is still limited, caused by a complex set of underlying factors: distance to school, lack of transportation assistance, less commitment to modern education, enclave cultural demand, socio-economic disparity, and lack of technology readiness. The study recommends more horizontal and vertical policy-making strategies to inculcate a culture of lifelong learning among the young Indigenous generation. These are seen as preconditions to success through consolidating and sustaining the Indigenous community’s cultural beliefs with current education policies.
The quality of collaborative writing process to some extent depends on the verbal episodes occurring during the collaboration. This study aimed to describe English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ verbal episodes in proficiency pairings. A case study design was used in this study. It involved 40 EFL students of the English department in an Indonesian university. They were divided into two groups based on the types of proficiency pairings: heterogeneous (20 students) and homogenous (20 students). Therefore, this study was also intended to identify which of the two types of proficiency pairings produces more verbal episodes than the other. The verbal processes were audio recorded and then transcribed. The audio transcriptions were analyzed for common themes related to episode categorization. To ensure the reliability of the episode analysis, inter-coder, and intra-coder checks were employed. The results showed that Indonesian EFL students used three major types of verbal episodes: language-related episodes (LREs), text-related episodes (TREs), and scaffolding episodes (SEs). The study also revealed that proficiency levels determined the categories of LREs and SEs most frequently produced by the heterogeneous and homogeneous pairs. Both the heterogeneous and homogeneous pairs were likely to produce almost the same frequencies of categories of TREs more particularly in terms of organization and content. Further research might explore the link between the number of episodes and the learning gains.
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