The purpose of this present study was to develop a rapid and effective approach for identification of red wines that differ in geographical origins, brands, and grape varieties, a multi‐sensor fusion technology based on a novel cost‐effective electronic nose (E‐nose) and a voltammetric electronic tongue (E‐tongue) was proposed. The E‐nose sensors was created using porphyrins or metalloporphyrins, pH indicators and Nile red printed on a C2 reverse phase silica gel plate. The voltammetric E‐Tongue with six metallic working electrodes, namely platinum, gold, palladium, tungsten, titanium, and silver was employed to sense the taste of red wines. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized for dimensionality reduction and decorrelation of the raw sensors datasets. The fusion models derived from extreme learning machine (ELM) were built with PCA scores of E‐nose and tongue as the inputs. Results showed superior performance (100% recognition rate) using combination of odor and taste sensors than individual artificial systems. The results suggested that fusion of the novel cost‐effective E‐nose created and voltammetric E‐tongue coupled with ELM has a powerful potential in rapid quality evaluation of red wine.
Research on nanocluster transformation has generally focused on stable nanoclusters, while analysis on structure evolutions of metastable nanoclusters just began to receive attention recently. Herein, we reported the structure determination...
The structural determination of alloy hydride nanoclusters with high nuclearity remains challenging. We herein report the synthetic procedure and the structural elucidation of an Au−Ag alloy nanocluster with 12 hydride ligands-[Au 16 Ag 43 -H 12 (SPhCl 2 ) 34 ] 5− . The structure of [Au 16 Ag 43 H 12 (SPhCl 2 ) 34 ] 5− comprises an Au 16 Ag 3 kernel that is stabilized by 12 hydride ligands, 8 thiol bridges, and 6 Ag m (SR) n motif units. The 12 hydride ligands in Au 16 Ag 43 have been confirmed by both 2 H NMR and ESI-MS measurements, and their positions have been theoretically evaluated, located at the interlayer between the Au 16 Ag 3 kernel and the Ag-SR shell. The metastable [Au 16 Ag 43 H 12 (SPhCl 2 ) 34 ] 5− can convert to [Au 12 Ag 32 (SPhCl 2 ) 30 ] 4− spontaneously. Structurally, the Au 16 Ag 3 kernel of [Au 16 Ag 43 H 12 (SPhCl 2 ) 34 ] 5− could be regarded as the overlapping of two hollow Au 8 Ag 3 cages via sharing an Ag 3 line, which is in contrast to the solely icosahedral Au 12 kernel of [Au 12 Ag 32 (SPhCl 2 ) 30 ] 4− . Besides, the overall construction of Au 16 Ag 43 or Au 12 Ag 32 follows a complementing or overlapping assembly mode, respectively. Overall, the structural anatomy of Au 16 Ag 43 H 12 (SPhCl 2 ) 34 sheds some new insight into the structural evolution of metal nanoclusters.
The development of intercalation anodes with high capacity is key to promote the progress of "rocking-chair" Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs). Here, layered BiOI is considered as a promising electrode in ZIBs due to its large interlayer distance (0.976 nm) and low Zn 2+ diffusion barrier (0.57 eV) obtained by density functional theory, and a free-standing BiOI nanopaper is designed. The process and mechanism of Zn(H 2 O) n 2+ insertion in BiOI are proved by ex situ X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The suitable potential (0.6 V vs Zn/Zn 2+ ), high reversible capacity (253 mAh g −1 ), good rate performance (171 mAh g −1 at 10 A g −1 ), long cyclic life (113 mAh g −1 after 5000 cycles at 5 A g −1 ), and dendrite-free operation of BiOI nanopaper prove its potential as a superior anode. When it is coupled with Mn 3 O 4 cathode, the quasi-solid-state battery exhibits a high initial capacity of 149 mAh g −1 (for anode) and a good capacity retention of 70 mAh g −1 after 400 cycles. The self-assembled flexible battery also shows stable charge−discharge during the cyclic test. This work shows the feasibility of BiOX anode for dendrite-free ZIBs.
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