Sound financial management of a state's security sector remains the key to efficient and effective security forces capable of responding to the citizens' legitimate security. The huge budgetary allocations for defence or military in Nigeria annually remain higher than budgets of all other West African states' defence/military operations combined together in all ramifications. But one would be dismayed that with the usual bogus defence budgets in Nigeria, the attendant effects on her political and socio-economic stability coupled with peace and security still fall far below ebb. The study therefore examines the reasons insecurity still persists in Nigeria despite huge budgetary allocations to defence and military spending on war against terror and insecurity in the last one decade, and implications for state politics, economy and national security. The study employed a progressive theory of public expenditure while it relies on both primary and secondary sources of data. The study in its findings reveals that despite huge spending or expenditures on military operations within the years, the security of the state remains deteriorating as a result of bad governance, corruption and non-transparent procurement activities, poor leadership, and lack of defence strategies among others; thereby creating some loopholes in national politics, economy and weakened national security respectively. The security situation remains worsening; Boko haram attacks in the northeast, armed banditry in northwest, kidnapping in all parts of the country, militancy in Niger Delta and Biafran agitation for secession in the country. The study, therefore, recommends that Nigerian government should endeavour to: shun corruption; ensure good governance, transparent procurement processes; and adopting defence strategies in compliance with global best practices towards ensuring a stable and secured society.
The study focuses on the issue that prompt transportation and delivery of logistics from one location to the other in Nigeria is at present costly, difficult, unrealistic, and cumbersome as occasioned by; road congestion in urban cities, increased, insecurity pollution, unnecessary delays, and declined efficiency, among others. The menace often poses threats to city planners to maintain the pace of the ever increasing urbanization process and population growth in all ramifications. The current situation has, however, warranted possibility for drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) technology for logistics delivery and transportation in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African nations, to alleviate the stress posed by the conventional mode of transportation. This paper is poised to: investigate the public support and prospects of using of drones or UAVs for effective transport or logistics delivery, and also find out its applications in other sectors in Nigeria; examine the potential threats or barriers to the application; appraise the technology’s cost-effectiveness, acceptability, local sustainability; and recommend the parameters around adoption, safety or security, reliability of drones technology, and effective monitoring for future implementation in Nigeria. The study generated its data from both primary and secondary sources while the research findings are comprehensively and descriptively analyzed. The study, however, recommends to transport sector, governments, end-users, and drone providers on logistics delivery to swiftly ensure that: safety of drone operations; insurance coverage availability be taken care of; ensure regulatory and procedural frameworks, better assessment and evaluation of drone pilot programmes; strengthening national and local capacity to test, learn, use and maintain drones; and ensure that evidences and prospects that could aid advancing the use of drones for logistics delivery or transport in the country be adequately shared.
In recent time, the Nigerian government shut its land borders with neighbouring states of: Benin Republic, Cameroon, Chad and Niger over what were observed to be; increase in smuggling activities, alleged security breaches, trafficking, incidence of illegal cross-border activities, undocumented migration, among others in the West African sub-region. However, the continual closure of these borders appeared to have affected the activities of border communities, regional and national economies. The study examines the reasons for shutting the borders; finds out the impacts of the closure on border communities, regional/national economies and security; finds out the reactions of border communities and neighbouring states; and interrogates the remedies to the problem. The study adopts a hegemonic stability theory to explain the phenomenon surrounding the closure while it employs quantitative and qualitative research methods. The paper in its findings therefore indicates that the state closed her land borders to forestall all illegal actions at borders involving: smuggling and human trafficking, illicit arms trade, undocumented migration among others. The study also reveals that the closure led to economic hardship for people in border communities, West African sub-region and the Nigerian state at large. The study therefore recommends that; there should be cross-fertilization of ideas on transnational economic, legal and security initiatives between the Nigeria and her neighbouring states to wage war against illicit activities at borders. The study however concludes that the border closure poses a major blow to pan-African moment having cut short all trade relations with other states; hoping that the policy would be very significant in protecting Nigeria’s political, economic and security interests.
The tourism experience was perceived traditionally, in terms of products, destinations and consumption patterns. Women have contributed greatly to tourism development, promoting transport development and encouraging hotel progress, which help in reducing or eliminating poverty. This study sheds light on the extent of women participation in tourism development. The specific objective of the study is to examine the factors affecting women participation in tourism development and how tourism industry benefits women. This study collected qualitative and quantitative data from respondents; primary and secondary sources. Data were collected using two methods: oral interview and administration of structured questionnaires, which were randomly administered at the various study sites. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, simple percentages, bar-chart, pie-chart and chi-square respectively. Results obtained revealed that 90.8% of the factors affecting women participation in tourism development include: lack of financial capital, poverty, illiteracy, traditional perception, religious factor, child bearing and career development issues. The findings also indicated that 88% of the respondents are of the opinion that policies such as tourism education, trainings, internet marketing, and formation of business network for self-support and municipality support can be employed to improve women participation in tourism development. The study therefore recommended that there should be training programmes, workshops and seminars financed by Oyo State Government to improve the business skills of women in tourism, hotel and transportation industry, among others.
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