The ability of bean husk, an agricultural waste, as a promising adsorbent for sequestering Ibuprofen from aqueous solution was investigated. Bean husk waste was modified using ortho-phosphoric acid. The prepared adsorbent was further characterized using FTIR, SEM, EDX and pH pzc techniques respectively. FTIR revealed prominent functional groups for IBP adsorption, SEM showed several pores on activated bean husk making it suitable for trapping IBP molecules. EDX results of acid activated bean husk has the highest percentage of carbon by weight (84.21%) and (89.02%) by atom, respectively. pH pzc studies revealed that the surface of the prepared adsorbent contains predominantly acidic groups: carboxyl (0.531 mmol/g), phenolic (0.845 mmol/g) and lactonic (0.021 mmol/g) totalling 1.397 mmol/g while basic group has 0.700 mmol/g. Operational parameters such as: contact time, pH, temperature, initial IBP concentrations and adsorbent dose were studied. Optimum IBP adsorption took place at a pH of 4.75. Isotherm studies were conducted using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models respectively. Langmuir isotherm aligned best with the adsorption data. The maximum monolayer adsorptive capacity of the modified adsorbent was 50.00 mg/g at 50°C. Four different kinetic models viz; pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich, and Intraparticle-diffusion were used to investigate the kinetic process. Adsorption data fitted the pseudo second order kinetic model most. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the process is spontaneous and endothermic. The study revealed that bean husk is a good precursor for activated carbon preparation; it is an efficient, readily available, economically friendly alternative for the sequestration of ibuprofen from aqueous solution.

Adsorption efficiency of acid-modified kola nut husk (KNHA) as a non-conventional adsorbent for the sorption of Ibuprofen from aqueous media was investigated in this study. The raw and modified samples were characterized using SEM, FTIR, EDX, pH, and Boehm titration techniques respectively. Adsorption parameters such as pH effect, adsorbate concentration, contact time, and solution temperature were studied. The amount of Ibuprofen uptake was observed to increase with a corresponding increase in adsorption operational parameters. The kinetic data was found to best fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Isotherm adsorption models such as: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich were utilized to analyze the adsorption data. The Langmuir Isotherm model showed the best fit for experimental data with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 39.22 mgg−1. ΔG0 values were negative (−164.48 kJ/mol to −64.045.4 kJ/mol) suggesting that the process of ibuprofen adsorption onto KNHA was spontaneous. The positive value of ΔH0 (+34.203 kJ/mol) suggests that the process of ibuprofen adsorption was endothermic. KNHA adsorbent was found to be efficient and viable for the uptake of ibuprofen from aqueous medium. Hence, adsorbent prepared from kola nut husk waste has proved to be effective for the adsorptive uptake of Ibuprofen from aqueous media.

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This study investigates the sorption of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, (IBP) using acid activated carbon prepared from orange peel (OPA). OPA was characterized via the use of Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Four isotherm models were utilized to assess the adsorption data: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Raduskevich, respectively. It was established that the IBP adsorption onto OPA fitted Langmuir isotherm model most. The optimum monolayer adsorption capacity of OPA was 49.30 mg/g at 50 °C. The adsorption data was subjected to kinetic test using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The sorption process was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mean heat of adsorption, Ea at all temperatures studied was < 8.00 kJmol−1, signifying that the sorption mechanism is physisorption. Thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. OPA was established to be a viable and effective adsorbent for the sorption of IBP from aqueous medium.