A study was made of the transition between the cerrado and Amazonian forest biomes on the Serra do Roncador in the northeast of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The transition was sampled by recording the species and circumference at breast height (cbh) of all woody species ≥ 15 cm cbh on five 20 × 10 m plots in each of the following four communities: ecotonal vegetation (Cerradão areas 1 and 2), and forest (Forest areas 1 and 2); while in the Cerrado sensu stricto a more rapid method had to be used because of time constraints. A total of 138 species was recorded and the results were analysed using Sørensen and Morisita Indices, TWINSPAN and DCA. In addition, comparisons were made with data from studies undertaken in 1968 in the same area by the Xavantina-Cachimbo Expedition. No species was common to all communities sampled but a seral succession of important species occurs along the transition. The Sørensen and Morisita Indices demonstrate this, with the Cerrado s.s. and Forest 2 at the two extremes showing no species in common (zero similarity) and Cerradão 1 and 2 giving the very high figures of Sørensen 0.64 and Morisita 0.84. The ecotonal cerradão is a very characteristic Dystrophic facies cerradão with Hirtella glandulosa, Emmotum nitens, Sclerolobium paniculatum and Vochysia haenkeana as its typical indicator species. The ecotone studied in the present work represents the comparatively abrupt transition from cerrado to the peripheral form of Amazonian forest (dry forest, mata seca) on flat terrain with a uniform very dystrophic soil. Other workers have suggested that this type of transition may be restricted to the headwaters of the Xingu basin, but one of the present authors has seen similar vegetation at localities in Maranhão, Rondônia, and on the Mato Grosso–Rondônia border. Comparison of the present vegetation with the survey made in 1968 shows that in this area the advancing face of the Amazonian forest has extended about 7 km southwards into the cerrado. However, in the majority of places this process has been obscured by forest clearing for agriculture. The study draws attention to the urgent need for the establishment of conservation areas in this extremely threatened and very little studied ecotone.
RESUMO -(Regeneração de espécies nativas lenhosas sob plantio de Eucalyptus em área de Cerrado na Floresta Nacional de Paraopeba, MG, Brasil). A regeneração de sub-bosques em plantios homogêneos tem estreita dependência de florestas vizinhas. Outros fatores exercem influência, como a ecologia da dispersão da espécie, os efeitos de borda e clareiras. Diante disto, procurou-se conhecer a florística e a estrutura da vegetação lenhosa de espécies nativas sob plantio de Eucalyptus em área de Cerrado na Floresta Nacional de Paraopeba, MG, e verificar a variação da riqueza, da densidade e de indivíduos zoocóricos e anemocóricos da borda para o interior do talhão. Para tal, foram alocadas cinco parcelas de 5×40 m, subdivididas em parcelas 5×10 m. Foram encontradas 47 espécies e destas as que se destacaram foram Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil.e Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana, principalmente quanto à alta densidade. Das espécies amostradas 53% possuem dispersão zoocórica e 43% anemocórica. Verificou-se também a diminuição da riqueza, da densidade e da percentagem de indivíduos anemocóricos da borda para interior. Porém a percentagem de indivíduos zoocóricos aumentou no interior do talhão. A maior riqueza e densidade na borda dá-se pela dificuldade da dispersão de diásporos no interior do fragmento. O índice de diversidade (H'= 2,49) encontrado para este estudo foi próximo aos valores observados em estudos em regeneração sob Eucalyptus em áreas de Cerrado.Palavras-chave: dispersão, unidade de conservação, fitossociologia, composição florística e regeneração ABSTRACT -(Regeneration of wood natives species under Eucalyptus stand of Cerrado area in the Floresta Nacional of Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, Brazil). The regeneration of understory in homogeneous stands is closely dependent of neighbour forests. Others factures also have influency such as the species dispersion ecology, the border effects and clearings. Therefore, the objective of this work were to study the floristic and structure of native woody plant species growing under stands of Eucalyptus in the Cerrado area in the Flona (Floresta Nacional -National Forest) of Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to determine the variations in richness, density and the zoochorous and anemochorous individual dispersions from the borders into the stand. To carry out this study five plots with 5×40 m, subdivided into subplots of 5×10 m were set up. A total of 47 species were found and among these two stood out mainly because of their high density: Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil and Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana. From the species sampled 53% have a zoochorous dispersion and 43% have an anemochorous dispersion. The decrease in richness, density and anemochorous dispersion species from the border into the stand were also observed. However the percentage of zoochorous dispersion individuals increase inside the stand. The large richness and density on the borders is due the propagule dispersion difficulty inside the fragment. The diversity index (H'=2.49) found in this study was close to the v...
RESUMO -O presente trabalho foi realizado na FLONA de Paraopeba, MG, e teve como objetivo o levantamento florístico das fanerófitas, ao longo de um gradiente de cerradão e cerrado sensu stricto, em uma área de 2.600 m 2 . Foram encontradas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 71 gêneros de 41 famílias. As famílias mais representativas foram Leguminosae, Myrtaceae, Malpighiaceae, Vochysiaceae, Rubiaceae e Melastomataceae. Os gêneros Miconia, Myrcia, Erythroxylum e Qualea foram os mais ricos. Magonia pubescens destacou-se em número de indivíduos. A similaridade florística mostrou a separação das parcelas em dois grupos, em que o primeiro apresentou um nível de similaridade de cerca de 45%, e o segundo foi dividido em dois grandes subgrupos, sendo que o primeiro mostrou nível de similaridade de cerca de 38%, enquanto as demais parcelas não formaram grupos definidos. A ordenação das espécies pela análise de correspondência canônica sugeriu que Magonia pubescens, Bauhina holophylla e Terminalia brasiliensis tenderam a ser mais abundantes nas áreas com valores mais altos de pH, Ca, Mg e H+Al. A variação não explicada das demais espécies pode estar associada a outras variáveis não analisadas, além de um complexo conjunto de fatores que estão envolvidos na determinação da composição da vegetação.Palavras-chave: Cerrado, levantamento florístico e relação solo-vegetação.ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to carry out the floristic survey of phanerophytes along a gradient of "cerrado sensu stricto " and "cerradão" in an area of 2,600m 2 in the FLONA (Floesta Nacional -National Forest) of Paraopeba, MG, Brazil. A total of 91 species pertaining to 71 genera and 41 families were found. The most representative families were Leguminosae, Myrtaceae, Malpighiaceae, Vochysiaceae, Rubiaceae and Melastomataceae. Miconia, Myrcia, Erythroxylum and Qualea were the richest genera. Magonia pubescens was outstanding in number of individuals. The floristic similarity showed the separation of the plots in two groups, the first one showed a similarity level around 45%, and the second group was divided into two large groups, the first one showed a similarity level around 38% and the remaining plots did not form definite groups. The species ordination by canonical correspondence analysis suggests that Magonia pubescens, Bauhinia holophylla and Terminalia brasiliensis tended to be most abundant species in areas with higher values of pH, Mg, H+Al. The non-explained variation for the other species could be associated to other non-analyzed variables as well as to a complex set of factors that are involved in the vegetation composition determination.
This study aimed to recognized the preferential location of species of the tree sinusiae in response to a moisture gradient in Pantanal Matogrossense, Brazil. We established sampling plots of arboreal sinusiae along a soil moisture and fl ood gradient. Piezometers were installed, allowing monthly measurements of water table depth and fl ood height during one year. Detrended Correspondence Analysis, Gradient Direct Analysis, Multi-response Permutation Procedures and Indicator Species Analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of moisture gradient on tree distribution. The annual variation of water table is shallower and similar in Seasonally Flooded Forest and Termite Savanna, with increasing depths in Open Savanna, Savanna Forest and Dry Forest. Circa 64% of the species were characterized as having a preferential location in "terrestrial habitats normally not subjected to inundation", while 8% preferentially occur in "wet habitats". Lowest tree richness in fl ood-affected vegetation types is related to both present-day high climatic seasonality and Late Pleistocene dry paleoclimates in the Pantanal wetland. The tree distribution across different formations in the Pantanal shows a direct relationship with soil moisture gradient.
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