BackgroundIn Sub-Saharan Africa, both HIV/AIDS and anemia have considerable public health problems. Anemia has an adverse effect on treatment outcome and it decreases the quality of life among adult HIV patients. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adult HIV positive patients in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital.MethodInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital from 01 October to December 30, 2016. A randomly selected 411 adult people living with the human immunodeficiency virus were included in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables with P-value ≤0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model were taken into multivariable logistic regression analysis along with 95% confidence interval and Odds Ratio was used to examine the association between anemia and independent variables. P˗value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultPrevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5% with 95% CI (32%-41%). Factors associated with anemia among adult people living with HIV/AIDS were individuals who lived with HIV ≥9years (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI:-1.03–6.59),years lived with HIV 5–8 years (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI:-1.02–6.57),CD4 count <200cells/ul (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI:-2.03–8.67), CD4 count200-350cells/ul(AOR = 1.82,95%CI:-1.01–3.26),infection with intestinal parasites (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI:-1.06–3.95), Participants with BMI <18.5kg/m2 (AOR = 2.96, 95%CI:-1.37–6.390),BMI 18.5-25kg/m2(AOR = 1.98, 95%CI:-1.11–3.56) and being HAART naïve (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI:- 1.16–4.28).ConclusionPrevalence of anemia among this study participant was high. This may affect the treatment outcome, increases morbidity and mortality of the participants. So periodic screening of anemia, a routine checkup of nutritional status, CD4 count and examination for intestinal parasite are essential.
Background : timely initiation of breastfeeding, also known as early initiation, is the provision of a mothers own breast milk to her infant within one hour of birth. In Ethiopia, there is a considerable variation in the timely initiation of breastfeeding practices among different regions. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers of infants less than 12 months old in Wolaita Sodo City, Wolaita, Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Multi stage sampling procedure was used. The study period was from January to March 2019. Data was collected by interviewer administered pretested questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis was employed and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was used to declare statistical significance at P- value of less than 0.05.Results: A total of 383 mothers with children less than 12 months age were included in the study making the response rate of 97.7 %. The prevalence of timely initiation of breast feeding within an hour was 80.2% . Being male child was 3.39 times AOR: 3.39, 95% CI: 3.39(1.49, 7.71) more likely to be timely initiated breast feeding within an hour than those who are female children. Those children who live with nuclear family are 3.49 times AOR: 3.49, 95% CI: 3.49 (1.09-11.12) more likely to be timely initiated breast feeding than those who live with extended families. Mothers who were delivered vaginally were 4.67 times more likely AOR: 4.67, 95% CI :( 1.92-11.33) to initiate their child breast feed within an hour than those who were delivered by cesarean section. Likewise mothers who counseled about timely initiation of breast feeding within an hour during ANC were 4.76 times AOR: 4.76, 95% CI (2.06-10.98) more likely to initiate their child breast feeding within an hour than those mothers who were not counseled about timely initiation of breast feeding during ANC visits Conclusion : The finding of this study showed that prevalence timely initiation of breast feeding was relatively good. Keywords : timely initiation of breastfeeding, infants from birth to 12 months, Wolaita Sodo City, Ethiopia.
Background: Most deaths of children in hospital frequently occur within the first 24 hours of admission.Immediate triage on arrival may prevent many of these deaths. Pediatric emergency triage assessment and treatment was introduced in 2014 in Ethiopia, however, there is no evidence which shows its quality and associated factors in the country.Objective:-This study aimed to assess the quality of pediatric emergency triage and its associated factors in selected hospitals of Wolaita zone 2017. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used March to April 2017. A total of 178 health care workers (HCWs) were included in this study. The data was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire on the HCWs, and an observation checklist for hospitals assessment. We performed descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses; adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI were used to determine statistically significant associations. Results: This study indicated that 41.7% of HCWs did not correctly define triage, 81% did not know triage duration, 85.7% did not identify all triage categories and 64% did not categorize child with urgent signs. Conclusion: The overall quality of pediatric emergency triage service was poor.
Background. Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to the human population everywhere. However, less attention is given to its concern in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. There is an information gap concerning antibiotic resistance and its pattern in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital. This study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the study area. Methods. Five-year retrospective data of cultures and records of 581 patients were utilized to analyze the pattern of antibiotic resistance. The statistical software including SPSS version 25 and Microsoft excel 2013 were used. Laboratory records with incompletely registered age, sex, culture isolation, or drug susceptibility test data were excluded. Results. Out of the total of 581 samples extracted from the microbiology laboratory, 237 (40.8%) samples were culture positive for bacteria. From positive culture growth, 165 (69.6%) were gram-positive bacteria whereas 72 (30.4%) were gram negative. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent isolate among gram-positive isolates as Escherichia coli was for gram-negative isolates. Overall antibiotic resistance of gram-positive isolates was 57.2% whereas that of gram-negative bacteria was 58.8%.Conclusion. S. aureus and E. coli were found to be the most prevalent pathogenic isolates among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Most of the isolated pathogens showed high resistance towards the commonly prescribed antibiotic agents. The overall antibiotic resistance in this study was 57.7%, and the overall MDR prevalence was 72.2%.
BACKGROUND፡ In low income countries, bearing many children is the main factor affecting maternal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization and identify factors associated with it among married women of child bearing age in Areka District in South EthiopiaMETHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey involving systematically recruited 346 married women of reproductive age group. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on May 2019. We used SPSS version 25 for data entry and analyses. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select exposure variables with crude association. Multivariate analysis was done to control for potential confounders and identify predictors of the outcome. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI)was reported, and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization among married women of reproductive age group was 134(38.7%). Utilization of Reversible Long Term Contraceptives (RLTCs) was positively associated with being protestant Christian religion follower, advanced educational status, history of abortion, and having a better attitude towards reversible long term contraceptives. In other words, being housewife, being daily laborer, having no radio in the household and making fertility decisions alone were negatively associated.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RLTCs in the study area was high. Women should be empowered educationally through other alternative opportunities to formal school. In addition to electronic media, different community events and community conversations should be used to convey messages on contraceptives particularly RLTCs. Behavioral change communications would benefit women in shaping their attitudestowards RLTCs.
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