Fragilidade e fatores de risco associados em pessoas idosas independentes residentes em meio ruralFrailty and associated risk factors in independent older people living in rural areas Fragilidad y factores de riesgo asociados en personas ancianas independientes residentes en el medio rural
AbstractBackground: The diagnosis of the frailty syndrome is essential in the planning of elderly health interventions. Objective: To assess the prevalence of frailty among older people living in rural communities and its associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 435 elderly subjects who were classified according to the frailty phenotype. The following instruments were also applied: Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Barthel Index (BI), and Lawton And Brody Instrumental Activities Of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. Association tests, mean comparison tests, and correlation analysis (p < 0.05) were used. Results: The sample (74.3 ± 7.1 years) was predominantly female (62.3%) and showed prevalence rates of 33.3% for non-frailty, 46.2% for pre-frailty, and 20.5% for frailty. Frailty was associated with self-perceived health, pain intensity, use of walking aids, and sensory problems. Frail older people were more dependent on activities of daily living. Conclusion: Stronger correlations were found between frailty and the CCI and ELB scores, age, and number of medications per day, in this order.
The phenotypic profile of frail elderly was characterised by lower muscle mass. The results of our study suggest that both underweight and overweight may be associated with frailty. There is the need to prevent and manage frailty, not only taking into account possible treatable medical causes, but also by intervening in important pillars, such as physical activity, dietary and nutritional problems.
ORIGINALFragilidad en ancianos que viven en la comunidad con y sin enfermedad cerebrovascular previa
ResumenObjetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de fragilidad en ancianos que viven en la comunidad con y sin enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) y describir las principales características sociodemográficas y clínicas que presentan dichos pacientes. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado entre enero y julio de 2016 en personas mayores residentes en 2 zonas concretas del Norte de Portugal. Los datos se han recogido mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico. La existencia de ECV previa se evaluó a través de una valoración inicial y aplicación del Índice de comorbilidad de Charlson, y la fragilidad utilizando los criterios de la metodología fenotípica. Resultados: Se estudiaron 435 participantes, de edad > 65 años (media = 74,3 años), siendo en su mayoría mujeres (62,3%). El 6,9% de los ancianos tenía antecedentes de ECV. La prevalencia del síndrome de fragilidad fue de 60,0% en los ancianos con antecedentes de ECV y 20,5% en los restantes casos (p < 0,05). Relaciones estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) fueron encontradas entre ECV y problemas de visión, miedo a caer, hospitalizaciones en el último año, uso de ayudas para caminar y percepción del estado de salud. Conclusión: La mayoría de los ancianos con antecedentes de ECV eran frágiles. Según la teoría fenotípica la fragilidad es un estado que precede a la dependencia total. El diagnóstico y la gestión de la fragilidad podrán ayudar a la prevención de eventos adversos que precipitan la institucionalización del anciano con ECV. Frailty in the elderly living in the community with and without prior cerebrovascular disease Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of frailty in elderly people living in the community with and without cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and describe the main sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of these patients. Material and method: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out between January and July 2016 in elderly people living in two specific areas of northern Portugal. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. The existence of previous CVD was evaluated through an initial assessment and application of the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Frailty was assessed using the criteria of phenotypic methodology. Results: A total of 435 participants, aged > 65 years (mean = 74.3 years), mostly women (62.3%), were studied. Six point nine percent of the elderly people had a history of CVD. The prevalence of frailty syndrome was 60.0% in the elderly people with a history of CVD, and 20.5% in the other cases (P < .05). Statistically significant relationships (P < .05) were found between CVD and vision problems, fear of falling, hospitalisations in the last year, use of walking aids and perception of health status. Conclusion: Most of the elderly with a history of CVD were frail. According to the phenotypic theory, frailty is a state that precedes total dependence. The d...
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