The main purpose of this paper is to examine the development and current status of prefabrication techniques and their application in building construction and why its use is still limited in the housing sector in India and why prefabrication is not being used so far to provide affordable housing to all. Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in factories, and then transporting the complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located. The important aspect is how much of a potential difference it can establish so that appropriate development can be implemented. This paper reviews the current prefabrication system scenario for housing in India. The paper begins with a brief introduction about different types of prefabrication system. Subsequent topics address the need of prefabrication and ethical dilemma of technology transfer for prefabricated building system in India. In this paper, a qualitative descriptive evaluation research method has been used. The research methodology comprises of case studies, visual observation and data collection. Finally, two case studies around the world have been presented to validate and illustrate the various modern trends and application of design and construction methods of prefabricated building system in housing.
Buildings are an integral part for development in any sector of economic growth and they consume resources not only during their construction but also for operation throughout their life. The design, construction, operation, maintenance, and ultimately the removal of buildings consume large amounts of energy, water, and building materials, and generate large quantities of waste, and pollute the air and water. The amount of resources consumed, waste generated can be judged from the fact that in any development project, the component of construction is quite large.The Indian construction industry has accounted for approximately 50% of the country's capital outlay in successive Five Year Plans, and projected investment continues to show a growing trend. Out of 48 million tonnes of solid waste generated in India, C&D (construction and demolition) waste makes up 25% annually. Despite this the use of recycled material in construction is not much, which can largely be attributed to various factors like lack of awareness on the part of designers/engineers, lack of awareness campaigns and appreciation of using recycled materials, unorganized market of recycled construction material, absence of a proper solid waste management system in urban areas, lack of tax incentives and poor implementation of legislation on the use of recycled materials. It is high time that the above said issues about the use of recycled material in construction in our country be addressed so as to achieve economy in construction coupled with easing burden on natural resources thereby resulting in cleaner environment.
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