ObjectiveTo describe the spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in
patients with neurological manifestations of dengue.Materials and MethodsWe included nine patients with dengue fever (three females and six males; age
range, 9–30 years), all of whom presented with neurological manifestations.
The MRI examinations, performed in 1.5 T or 3 T scanners, included
T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)
sequences. Diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient
mapping was also employed. Fast low-angle shot and susceptibility-weighted
gradient-recalled echo sequences, as well as contrast-enhanced T1-weighted
scans, were also obtained in order to assess parenchymal enhancement. MRI
scans were analyzed for lesion distribution and imaging features.ResultsAll patients showed areas of altered signal intensity that appeared as
hyperintensity on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences. The most commonly
affected site was the basal ganglia-thalamus complex. Other affected sites
were the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, white matter, and brainstem. In all
cases, we observed patchy areas of restricted diffusion and focal areas of
hemorrhage.ConclusionDengue encephalitis commonly affects the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum,
cerebral cortex, and white matter. Therefore, MRI should be an indispensable
part of the evaluation of patients with neurological complications of dengue
fever.
The tracheobronchial tree is a musculo-cartilagenous framework which acts as a conduit to aerate the lungs and consequently the entire body. A large spectrum of pathological conditions can involve the trachea and bronchial airways. These may be congenital anomalies, infections, post-intubation airway injuries, foreign body aspiration or neoplasms involving the airway. Appropriate management of airway disease requires an early and accurate diagnosis. In this pictorial essay review, we will comprehensively describe the various airway pathologies and their imaging findings by multi-detector computed tomography.
We present a case of a 13-year-old boy with clinical features of Goldenhar syndrome (hemifacial microsomia with malformed ears) and associated contralateral pulmonary aplasia. The patient did not have any associated respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary aplasia is an uncommon association of Goldenhar Syndrome. A case of contralateral pulmonary aplasia has been rarely reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge.
Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac abnormality. Unruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva is usually asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally. However, a large aneurysm can, in rare cases, cause compression of the ventricular outflow tract. We report a case of 17-year-old male with congestive right heart failure with a large, partially thrombosed unruptured aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva. The aneurysmal sac was compressing the right ventricular outflow tract causing marked dilatation of the right ventricle and atrium that was confirmed on contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging. Unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm causing right heart failure in adolescence has been rarely reported in literature.
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